Review the book named middlemarch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Review the book named middlemarch - Essay Example Featherstone as he was not much satisfied with her. To attend and serve a person who was always impulsive to you was what Mary was doing. She has always been polite to him and has never been harsh to him in return. She was sitting in silence and was reflecting on the events that happened that day when suddenly Mr. Featherstone woke up from his sleep and called Ms. Gray to his bedside. He gave her the keys of the safe and asked her to take out his will. Ms. Gray was ordered by Mr. Featherstone to burn the second will so that only his first will is considered to be valid. She was afraid to act on his orders as there was no one in the room to witness her act. She refused to act on his orders even when she was offered a bribe on it. She felt that Mr. Featherstone isn’t in the right mind and stays firm. Mr. Featherstone went to sleep and he was dead by the next morning. Analysis: Ms. Gray was a very sweet, humble and straightforward kind of person. She had a good understanding and knowledge about human nature with a good sense of humor. But these qualities of her cant be judged by her daily activities. She seemed very simple and plain throughout the novel which contradicts to what she actually is from inside. This made her characters suspicious to few people. She was believed to be very prudent as she felt that many people will be disappointed by Mr. Featherstone's will. The nervous tone of Mr. ... Eliot gave her less opportunity to show the strength of her personality however, when it appears, her character is shown as the strongest character in the whole novel. Her strong character is beautifully portrayed in the death scene of Mr. Featherstone. Ms. Gray proved to the reader that intellect and wisdom are not enough for a woman to surpass the situational problems faced by females. Ms. Gray’s decision secured her but did not help her to get freedom. Ms. Gray’s refusal to burn Mr. Featherstone's will showed an act of self-protection as well as ethical and moral strength. The speakers of Eliot’s novels deconstruct masculine authority which is replaced by feminine narrative power which actually has no inspirational base. A face of such feminine insight is Ms. Gray’s detached and sardonic wisdom. Ms. Gray’s Character is somewhat closest to Marian Evans. 2. Application of Act Utilitarianism: We need to look upon all the alternatives that can be con sidered while taking this decision. If I would be Ms. Gray’s position I would have acted according to Mr. Featherstone’s orders and would have burned the will on his demand as he was on his death bed and this act could have given him some satisfaction and happiness and would have made him felt better. He would have appreciated the efforts. The other option that I had was that I would have consulted someone else or would have arranged some witness in the presence of whom I could have helped Mr. Featherstone on his demands. Thirdly I would have talked to Mr. Featherstone on some other alternative than just to burn the will. I would have done that instead of just declining his request straightforwardly which lowered his morale to an extend that took his life. Furthermore I

Countries such as UK and USA are MEDCs (more economically developed countries) Essay Example for Free

Countries such as UK and USA are MEDCs (more economically developed countries) Essay World development is the process which countries go through to make more money and develop their economies. Countries such as UK and USA are MEDCs (more economically developed countries) where as countries such as Brazil and Mexico are becoming rich and they are known as developing countries. However, the people living in these developing countries still do not have a good health scheme or their own homes. LEDCs (less economically developed countries) are very poor, such as Sudan and Bangladesh. People living in these countries tend to lack basic essentials like food, clean water and clothing. It is important to have world development because everyone in the world becomes part of a society in which human rights are observed and basic needs of housing, work and healthcare for all. It gives opportunity for the poor to lead peaceful lives and to have a say in global communities. World development is important also because without it there is conflict in the world. In the 20th and 21st centuries, there has been lots of conflict between LEDCs. As a result of this, poverty has worsened and become more frequent. Too much of the world’s money is spent on arms trade, to defend other countries from attack. This money could be spent on more important things which would help the process of world development such as: medication, education and agriculture. In the Kosovo conflict many fields were burnt and, as people had not grown food. Therefore, there were no crops to eat or sell. This caused loss of money and also human lives because many people died of starvation. A recent example of conflict is the war on Iraq. With world development, there would be solidarity in the world and it would relight warmth and compassion. Natural disasters cause many problems for LEDCs because there are no emergency help schemes to rebuild the areas affected. Usually, countries such as the USA have to step in and help by equipping the poor with food boxes, water and shelter etc. the economy in less economically developed countries is a more fragile industry. These industries are severely affected by natural disasters because there is loss of tourism; with an outcome similar to the Tsunami. International debt remains to be a severe problem in LEDCs because they have no solution but to borrow money from MEDCs. In the 1970s LEDCs borrowed from the World Bank. In the 70s, interest rates were low (1-2%) but in the 80s rates increased as high as 20-27%. Also, prices fell meaning that products being sold by poorer countries – such as coffee, tea and sugar. As the countries earned less, they were paying more back. There are 41 countries in the world classes as heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC). For example, Zambia spends  £106 million a year on debt repayments. Another reason why we need world development is that trade is not fairly paid for. Trade is selling something you have grown or made to somebody else- trade brings jobs and money. Trade rules are not based on development and they help MEDCs more. Goods can move freely through countries subsidised industries so that goods can be produced more cheaply. Mexico, signed the North America Trade Agreement which meant that Mexico and America can trade freely. US maize is now sold at such a cheap price that Mexican farmers are not paid enough to live on. Fair trade has been introduced. This means that by paying a few pence more for chocolate, coffee etc then you can increase the farmer’s wage who harvested it.

Identity in House Made of Dawn Essay -- House Made of Dawn Essays

Identity in House Made of Dawn       In 1969 N. Scott Momaday won the Pulitzer Prize for his phenomenal work, House Made of Dawn.   The novel addresses the issue of identity, how it can be lost as well as recovered.   Momaday offers insightful methods of recovering or attaining one's identity. Momaday once made the following now famous statement:    We are what we imagine.   Our very existence consists in our imagination of ourselves.   Our best destiny is to imagine, at least, completely, who and what, and that we are.   The greatest tragedy that can befall us is to go unimagined (Owens, 93).    For Momaday, imagination is the key to identity, and it is this key that Momaday offers as a solution to the problem of identity in House Made of Dawn.   Momaday's protagonist, Abel, cannot imagine who he is.   In chronicling Abel's effort to regain his ability to imagine, Momaday offers inextricably intertwined methods to regain one's 'imagination'.      Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The prologue of House Made of Dawn begins with the word 'Dypaloh'. This word signals a shift into the Native American oral tradition. Traditionally, storytelling have definite responsibilities.   According to Louis Owens in Other Destinies, the responsibilities are:   "to tell us who we are and where we come from, make us whole and heal us, to integrate us fully within the world in which we live and make that world inhabitable, to compel order and reality" (93).   In defining the responsibilities of storytelling, Owens also gives a description of the 'identified individual', one who has a strong sense of identity and is fully self-imagined.   The identified individual knows were he is from and where he is going.   He is not fragmented, and k... ...motion.   Running is perseverance.   Running is believing that identity can be recovered.   If Abel did not believe it possible to find his proper place, he would already by lost, stagnant, still waiting.   Running is action.   Stories are also action.   They are inherently active in passing on crucial knowledge.   A story that is not told, that is not related, can have no meaning.   Stories show the proper order of reality.   Both running and stories are crucial elements in Abel's recovering his identity.   The things they represent, motion, perseverance, order, and knowledge, are crucial in anyone's quest for identity, not just Native peoples, but the people of the human race. Works Cited: Momaday, N. Scott.   House Made of Dawn. New York: Harper and Row, 1968. Owens, Louis.   Other Destinies. Univ. of Oklahoma Press: Norman and London, 1992

Spirit Bound Chapter Four

I DECIDED IT'D BE BEST not to mention my conversation with Adrian's mother to him. I didn't need psychic powers to sense his mixed mood as we walked back to guest housing. His father had annoyed him, but his mother's seeming acceptance had cheered him up. I didn't want to damage that by letting Adrian know she was only okay with our dating because she figured it was a temporary, fun thing. â€Å"So you're going off with Lissa?† he asked when we reached my room. â€Å"Yup, sorry. You know–girl stuff.† And by girl stuff, I meant breaking and entering. Adrian seemed a little disappointed, but I knew he didn't begrudge our friendship. He gave me a small smile and wrapped his arms around my waist, leaning down to kiss me. Our lips met, and that warmth that always surprised me spread through me. After a few sweet moments, we broke apart, but the look in his eyes said it wasn't easy for him. â€Å"See you later,† I said. He gave me one more quick kiss and then headed off to his own room. I immediately sought out Lissa, who was hanging out in her own room. She was staring intently at a silver spoon, and through our bond, I could sense her intent. She was attempting to infuse it with spirit's compulsion, so that whoever held it would cheer up. I wondered if she intended it for herself or was just randomly experimenting. I didn't probe her mind to find out. â€Å"A spoon?† I asked with amusement. She shrugged and set it down. â€Å"Hey, it's not easy to keep getting a hold of silver. I have to take what I can get.† â€Å"Well, it'd make for happy dinner parties.† She smiled and put her feet upon the ebony coffee table that sat in the middle of her little suite's living room. Each time I saw it, I couldn't help but be reminded of the glossy black furniture that had been in my own prison suite back in Russia. I had fought Dimitri with a stake made from a chair's leg of similar style. â€Å"Speaking of which†¦ how was your dinner party?† â€Å"Not as bad as I thought,† I admitted. â€Å"I never realized what an asshole Adrian's dad was, though. His mom was actually pretty cool. She didn't have a problem with us dating.† â€Å"Yeah, I've met her. She is nice†¦ though I never thought she was nice enough to be okay with scandalous dating. I don't suppose Her Royal Majesty showed up?† Lissa was joking, so my response floored her. â€Å"She did, and†¦ it wasn't awful.† â€Å"What? Did you say ‘wasn't'?† â€Å"I know, I know. It was so crazy. It was this really quick visit to see Adrian, and she acted like me being there was no big deal.† I didn't bother delving into the politics of Tatiana's views on Moroi training for battle. â€Å"Of course, who knows what would have happened if she stayed? Maybe she would have turned into her old self. I would have needed a whole set of magic silverware then–to stop me from pulling a knife on her.† Lissa groaned. â€Å"Rose, you cannot make those kinds of jokes.† I grinned. â€Å"I say the things you're too afraid to.† This made her smile in return. â€Å"It's been a long time since I've heard that,† she said softly. My trip to Russia had fractured our friendship–which had ended up showing me just how much it really meant to me. We spent the rest of the time hanging out, talking about Adrian and other gossip. I was relieved to see she'd gotten over her earlier mood about Christian, but as the day progressed, her anxiety grew about our pending mission with Mia. â€Å"It's going to be okay,† I told her when the time came. We were heading back across the Court grounds, dressed in comfortable jeans and T-shirts. It was nice to be free of school curfew, but again, being out in the bright sunlight didn't make me feel very covert. â€Å"This'll be easy.† Lissa cut me a look but said nothing. The guardians were the security force in our world, and this was their headquarters. Breaking in was going to be anything but easy. Mia looked determined when we reached her, though, and I felt encouraged by her attitude–and that she was wearing all black. True, it wouldn't do much in sunlight, but it made this all feel more legitimate. I was dying to know what had happened with Christian, and Lissa was too. Again, it was one of those topics best left unexplained. Mia did, however, explain her plan to us, and I honestly felt it had about a 65 percent chance of working. Lissa was uneasy about her role since it involved compulsion, but she was a trooper and agreed to do it. We went over everything in detail a few more times and then set out to the building that housed guardian operations. I'd been there once before, when Dimitri had taken me to see Victor in the holding cells adjacent to the guardians' HQ. I'd never spent much time in the main offices before, and as Mia had predicted, they were lightly staffed this time of the day. When we walked in, we were immediately met by a reception area like you'd find in any other administrative office. A stern guardian sat at a desk with a computer, filing cabinets and tables all around him. He probably didn't have much to do at this time of night, but he was still clearly on high alert. Beyond him was a door, and it held my attention. Mia had explained that it was a gateway to all the guardian secrets, to their records and main offices–and surveillance areas that monitored high-risk regions of the Court. Stern or not, the guy had a small smile for Mia. â€Å"Isn't it a little late for you? You aren't here for lessons, are you?† She grinned back. He must have been one of the guardians she'd grown friendly with during her time at Court. â€Å"Nah, just up with some friends and wanted to show them around.† He arched an eyebrow as he took in me and Lissa. He gave a slight nod of acknowledgment. â€Å"Princess Dragomir. Guardian Hathaway.† Apparently our reputations preceded us. It was the first time I'd been addressed by my new title. It startled me–and made me feel slightly guilty about betraying the group I'd just become a member of. â€Å"This is Don,† explained Mia. â€Å"Don, the princess has a favor to ask.† She looked meaningfully at Lissa. Lissa took a deep breath, and I felt the burnings of compulsion magic through our bond as she focused her gaze upon him. â€Å"Don,† she said firmly, â€Å"give us the keys and codes to the records archives downstairs. And then make sure the cameras in those areas are turned off.† He frowned. â€Å"Why would I–† But as her eyes continued to hold his, I could see the compulsion seize him. The lines on his face smoothed into compliance, and I breathed a sigh of relief. Plenty of people were strong enough to resist compulsion–particularly that of ordinary Moroi. Lissa's was much stronger because of spirit, though you never knew if someone might break through. â€Å"Of course,† he said, standing up. He opened a desk drawer and handed Mia a set of keys that she promptly gave to me. â€Å"The code is 4312578.† I committed it to memory, and he beckoned us through the all-powerful door. Beyond it, corridors spread in all directions. He pointed to one on our right. â€Å"Down there. Take a left at the end, go downstairs two flights, and it's the door on the right.† Mia glanced at me to make sure I understood. I nodded, and she turned back to him. â€Å"Now make sure the surveillance is off.† â€Å"Take us there,† said Lissa firmly. Don couldn't resist her command, and she and Mia followed him, leaving me on my own. This part of the plan was all on me, and I hurried down the hall. The facility might be lightly staffed, but I could still run into someone–and would have no compulsion to help me talk my way out of trouble. Don's directions were spot-on, but I still wasn't prepared when I punched in the code and entered the vault. Rows and rows of filing cabinets stretched down a huge hall. I couldn't see the end of it. Drawers were stacked five high, and the faint fluorescent lighting and eerie silence gave it all a spooky, almost haunted feel. All the guardians' information from before the digital age. God only knew how far back these records went. To medieval days in Europe? I suddenly felt daunted and wondered if I could pull this off. I walked to the first cabinet on my left, relieved to see it was labeled. AA1 it read. Below it was AA2 and so forth. Oh dear. It was going to take me several cabinets to even get out of the As. I was grateful the organization was as simple as alphabetical order, but I now understood why these cabinets went on forever. I had to go back more than three quarters of the way down the room to get to the Ts. And it wasn't until I got to the TA27 drawer that I found the file for Tarasov Prison. I gasped. The file was thick, filled with all sorts of documents. There were pages on the prison's history and its migration patterns, as well as floor plans for each of its locations. I could hardly believe it. So much information†¦ but what did I need? What would be useful? The answer came quickly: all of it. I shut the drawer and tucked the folder under my arm. Okay. Time to get out of here. I turned around and began heading for the exit at a light jog. Now that I had what I needed, the urgency of escape was pressing on me. I was almost there when I heard a soft click, and the door opened. I froze as a dhampir I didn't recognize stepped through. He froze as well, clearly astonished, and I took it as a small blessing that he didn't immediately pin me against the wall and start interrogating me. â€Å"You're Rose Hathaway,† he said. Good lord. Was there anyone who didn't know who I was? I tensed, unsure what to expect now, but spoke as though us meeting here made perfect sense. â€Å"So it would seem. Who are you?† â€Å"Mikhail Tanner,† he said, still puzzled. â€Å"What are you doing here?† â€Å"Running an errand,† I said breezily. I indicated the file. â€Å"The guardian on duty down here needed something.† â€Å"You're lying,† he said. â€Å"I'm the guardian on archive duty. If someone needed something, they would have sent me.† Oh, shit. Talk about best-laid plans failing. Yet as I stood there, a strange thought came to me. His appearance wasn't familiar at all: curly brown hair, average height, late twenties. Pretty good-looking, really. But his name†¦ something about his name†¦ â€Å"Ms. Karp,† I gasped. â€Å"You're the one†¦ you were involved with Ms. Karp.† He stiffened, blue eyes narrowing warily. â€Å"What do you know about that?† I swallowed. What I'd done–or tried to do for Dimitri–wasn't without precedent. â€Å"You loved her. You went out to kill her after she†¦ after she turned.† Ms. Karp had been a teacher of ours a few years ago. She'd been a spirit user, and as the effects of it began to drive her insane, she'd done the only thing she could to save her mind: become a Strigoi. Mikhail, her lover, had done the only thing he'd known to end that evil state: search for and kill her. It occurred to me that I was standing face-to-face with the hero of a love story nearly as dramatic as my own. â€Å"But you never found her,† I said softly. â€Å"Did you?† He took a long time in answering, his eyes weighing me heavily. I wondered what he was thinking about. Her? His own pain? Or was he analyzing me? â€Å"No,† he said finally. â€Å"I had to stop. The guardians needed me more.† He spoke in that calm, controlled way that guardians excelled at, but in his eyes, I saw grief–a grief I more than understood. I hesitated before taking a shot at the only chance I had to not get busted and end up in a jail cell. â€Å"I know†¦ I know you have every reason to drag me out of here and turn me in. You should. It's what you're supposed to do–what I'd do too. But the thing is, this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I again nodded at the folder. â€Å"Well, I'm kind of trying to do what you did. I'm trying to save someone.† He remained quiet. He could probably guess who I meant and assumed â€Å"save† meant â€Å"kill.† If he knew who I was, he'd know who my mentor had been. Few knew about my romantic relationship with Dimitri, but me caring about him would have been a foregone conclusion. â€Å"It's futile, you know,† Mikhail said at last. This time, his voice cracked a little. â€Å"I tried†¦ I tried so hard to find her. But when they disappear†¦ when they don't want to be found†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He shook his head. â€Å"There's nothing we can do. I understand why you want to do it. Believe me, I do. But it's impossible. You'll never find him if he doesn't want you to.† I wondered how much I could tell Mikhail–how much I should. It occurred to me then that if there was anyone else in this world who understood what I was going through, it would be this man. Besides, I didn't have a lot of options here. â€Å"The thing is, I think I can find him,† I said slowly. â€Å"He's looking for me.† â€Å"What?† Mikhail's eyebrows rose. â€Å"How do you know?† â€Å"Because he, um, sends me letters about it.† That fierce warrior look immediately returned. â€Å"If you know this, if you can find him†¦ you should get backup to kill him.† I flinched at those last words and again feared what I had to say next. â€Å"Would you believe me if I said there was a way to save him?† â€Å"You mean by destroying him.† I shook my head. â€Å"No†¦ I mean really save. A way to restore him to his original state.† â€Å"No,† Mikhail said swiftly. â€Å"That's impossible.† â€Å"It might not be. I know someone who did it–who turned a Strigoi back.† Okay, that was a small lie. I didn't actually know the person, but I wasn't going to get into the string of knowing-someone-who-knew-someone†¦ â€Å"That's impossible,† Mikhail repeated. â€Å"Strigoi are dead. Undead. Same difference.† â€Å"What if there was a chance?† I said. â€Å"What if it could be done? What if Ms. Karp–if Sonya–could become Moroi again? What if you could be together again?† It'd also mean she'd be crazy again, but that was a technicality for later. It felt like an eternity before he answered, and my anxiety grew. Lissa couldn't compel forever, and I'd told Mia I would be fast. This plan would fall apart if I didn't get out soon. Yet, watching him deliberate, I could see his mask falter. After all this time, he still loved his Sonya. â€Å"If what you're saying is true–and I don't believe it–then I'm coming with you.† Whoa, no. Not in the plan. â€Å"You can't,† I said swiftly. â€Å"I've already got people in place.† Another small lie. â€Å"Adding more might ruin things. I'm not doing it alone,† I said, cutting off what I figured would be his next argument. â€Å"If you really want to help me–really want to take a chance on bringing her back–you need to let me go.† â€Å"There's no way it can be true,† he repeated. But there was doubt in his voice, and I played on it. â€Å"Can you take that chance?† More silence. I was starting to sweat now. Mikhail closed his eyes for a moment and took a deep breath. Then he stepped aside and gestured to the door. â€Å"Go.† I nearly sagged in relief and immediately grabbed the door handle. â€Å"Thank you. Thank you so much.† â€Å"I could get in a lot of trouble for this,† he said wearily. â€Å"And I still don't believe it's possible.† â€Å"But you hope it is.† I didn't need a response from him to know I was right. I opened the door, but before going through, I paused and glanced at him. This time, he no longer hid the grief and pain in his face. â€Å"If you mean it†¦ if you want to help†¦ there might be a way you can.† Another piece of the puzzle had unraveled itself for me, another way we might pull this off. I explained what I needed from him and was surprised at how quickly he agreed. He really was like me, I realized. We both knew the idea of bringing back Strigoi was impossible†¦ and yet we so, so wanted to believe it could be done I slipped back upstairs alone after that. Don wasn't at his desk, and I wondered what Mia had done with him. I didn't wait to find out and instead headed outside, off to a small courtyard that we'd established as our rendezvous point. Mia and Lissa were both waiting there, pacing. No longer distracted with anxiety, I opened myself to the bond and felt Lissa's agitation. â€Å"Thank God,† she said when she saw me. â€Å"We thought you'd been caught.† â€Å"Well†¦ it's a long story.† One I didn't bother with. â€Å"I got what I needed. And†¦ I actually got a whole lot more. I think we can do this.† Mia gave me a look that was both wry and wistful. â€Å"I sure do wish I knew what you guys were doing.† I shook my head as the three of us walked away. â€Å"No,† I replied. â€Å"I'm not sure that you do.†

Plastic Surgery

There are no secrets that the world is getting more open minded idea of plastic surgery. Cosmetic procedures become a trend among people who are seeking a way to improve their appearance, because everyone wants to be more attractive and pretty. In some countries, plastic surgeon is as common as supermarket. For example, Korea is number one in the world in term of plastic surgery. One of five Korean admitted that they have done cosmetic procedure. Because of the image centric culture in today’s society, more and more people tend to get plastic surgery in order to please the majority standards of beauty. Plastic surgery is just a swallow way in order to conform to this image centric society majority’s standards. People should not just only pursue the ephemeral appearance and overlook the permanent of inside beauty. Plastic surgery is an unnatural way to change people’s appearance. During the surgery, people can effectively improve their appearance in short time. The most common types of surgery such as Botox injection, breast lift and double eyelids surgery are the poplar surgeries that people usually get. Besides, cosmetic surgery is very costly. Surgeons need to spend around thousand dollars for every diagnosis. Furthermore, Cosmetic surgery is actually an operation. That mean the patients need to take risk on the surgery, and the surgery is not also 100 percent success. The operation is very painful and the patients need to take a long time to recover their body. In spite of all the risk they take and the expensive of the surgery, every year, there have uncountable people are still willing to take action on surgery in order to conform to someone else’s standards of beauty. This is what our society look like; the standards of beauty are completely twisted, people are more care about the appearance than their health. It is really understand some people try to get cosmetic surgery to improve their appearance because not t not everyone have an angel face when they born with. That is the reason that people just try to found a way to get satisfied about their appearance. Can we blame on the people who get plastic surgery? No, it is not their fault. This is actually the fault of our society, the fault of human concept. Because of our image centric society, people judge others just only form their appearance. People usually make fun on the person who is ugly or fat, and the ridiculous reason just because the person who born with an unperfected face. Some people are never know about how the disadvantage of an ugly face. Because of the pathological moral concept of this society, plastic surgery is the best way to help some people to conform to someone else’s standards of beauty. The sad thing is plastic surgery can just only change about people’s appearance, it cannot change people’s thought. What people should care more is the moral beauty more than the appearance. That is no reason for us to change our appearance and beauty standards just to conform to someone. The standard of beauty is just an indiscernible thing, and it should be more personal thing which belongs to you. The way to change people’s appearance is not to change about the out looking, is about how to change people’s thought. Plastic Surgery Name: Anna Teacher: Taliasin Subject: writing Date: March 22th 2013 Reseach Essay: Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, most plastic surgery is not cosmetic; plastic surgery includes many types of reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. (Kita) There are two types of plastic surgery: cosmetic plastic surgery and reconstructive plastic surgery.Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns; traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures and breaks; congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palates or cleft lips; developmental abnormalities; infection and disease; and cancer or tumors. Reconstructive plastic surgery is usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance. Cosmetic su rgery involves techniques intend for the enhancement of appearance through surgical and medical techniques.It is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal. Some common reconstructive surgical procedures include breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and creating a new outer ear when one is congenitally absent. The most common reconstructive procedures are tumor removal, laceration repair, scar repair, hand surgery, and breast reduction plasty. Wikipedia) There are many types of cosmetic surgery, such as Tummy tuck, Eyelid surgery, Mammoplasty, Lower-body lift, Chemical peel, Labiaplasty, Nose job, Ear surgery, Facelift, Liposuction, Brow lift, Chin augmentation, Cheek augmentation, Cheek lift, Collagen injections and Fat injections, etc. (Nordqvist) And double eyelid surgery is the simplest cosmetic surgery. In A sia, may be a lot of people think that Koreans are the group of people who are most interested in cosmetic surgery. But this idea should be changed because there is data shows that cosmetic surgery in other countries is also very popular, especially in China and India.A few years ago, the international Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Association investigated the quantity of surgery and non-operative procedure face-lifting of 25 countries; the data include the 75% of the total global plastic surgery. The data shows, the plastic surgery number in America occupied 17. 5% of the total; Brazil is the second; and China's the third, occupied 12. 7% of the total; India followed it at fourth. It is important to note that Korea is famous for plastic surgery, but it is arranged at the seventh. Instead, China is the most popular country in cosmetic surgery.According to the article â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery†, China performs more cosmetic surgery than any country except America and Bra zil. It is worth $2. 4 billion. At least 1. 3m licensed procedures were carried out in 2010 in China. ((US))The development of cosmetic surgery is really rapidly because China is growing wealth and beauty is deemed an advantage in many competitive workplaces. People looking for a job have to submit a photograph with their application. People's Ninth Hospital is the busiest hospital for cosmetic surgery in Shanghai.There were 50,000 cosmetic operations in 2011, a 50% increase in five years. Most patients are 20s age. The three most common procedures they required are double eyelid surgery, liposuction and nose jobs. People who want to have plastic surgery need to assume risk because sometimes plastic surgery may fail and have serious consequences. Some people have a failing plastic surgery and spend more money to remedy it, but at last they still became disabled. A Chinese star who named Wang Bei has died because of cosmetic surgery.She wanted to have a facial bone grinding operation , but when she was having the surgery, the blood flow into her weasand. Although she was rescued as much as possible, she still died at last. This created a great sensation to the society. Tong Xiao is a 21-year-old student in the city of Hangzhou who deeply regrets her nose job. She spent 3,500 yuan to make her nose bigger by using silica gel before she went to university. But she soon felt uneasy about the cheap gel. A year later, she stole 10,000 yuan from her father to replace the gel with a material similar to Gore-Tex.Unfortunately, the second surgery failed. Ten months later her nose was too painful to touch. She had to keep telling herself that this is the price of beauty. There is some detailed information on the disadvantages of plastic surgery, such as complications, possibility of physical disability and addiction. (Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery) One of the most obvious shortcomings of plastic surgery is the risk of complications. Our body is sensitive, if something g oes wrong during or after the plastic surgery, it will result in an infection or illness.We also shouldn’t ignore the possibility of physical disability. If you become disabled, you will feel more painful than remaining your original appearance. In addition, some people may be addicted in plastic surgery. They look forward to change more parts of their body after they did it once successfully. However, since plastic surgery is so popular, it must have the advantages can attract people a lot. First of all, a beautiful appearance can improve one’s chances in the job market and help one’s career.Let us assume, some jobs related to public relations, mass media or other things require pleasant appearances, which may represent the image of the department or group, like airline stewardess and Miss Sales. In the second place, plastic surgery helps people gain confidence which makes them have more courage to do many things and enhance the probability of success. Because many people lack confidence for they don’t have good looks. Thirdly, with the development of technology and medical science, the risks and costs of plastic surgery can be minimized.And people won’t pay so much money to become more beautiful. Nowadays, public opinion for the cosmetic surgery has many different views. According to the survey analysis, the public opinion about cosmetic surgery can be classified into three types: one is support by action; the second is that people understand it but won’t do it themselves; the third is disagreeing with cosmetic surgery. The development of science and technology and change of notion of people respectively make cosmetic surgery more popular. Cosmetic surgery is wonderful and magical by using the technology and science to some extent.Some people choose cosmetic surgery because a beautiful appearance is their choice of purpose. Some people choose cosmetic surgery due to inborn or accident disfigurement of body. A few peo ple choose cosmetic surgery in order to look like their idol. Person who understands it but won’t do it themselves because people’s education and concept are changing as time goes by. So, most people accept this phenomenon calmly. They would not do it for the investigation of surgery and the damage of body. People who disagree with it because they think cosmetic surgery is really harmful for body.A person's appearance cannot represent his behavior, people’s inner is more important than his appearance. In my opinion, it depends on different conditions. Only people themselves can decide if plastic surgery is right for them. Meanwhile, they should know much information and think deliberately before they make a decision. In addition, having plastic surgery does not necessarily mean neglecting inner beauty. It is understood that some companies would not hire a person only with an appealing appearance but without enough capability.Real beauty is a combination of exter nal and internal beauty. It includes excellence behavior, character and education. Therefore, we should have confidence and be positive. Work cited BIBLIOGRAPHY (US), The Economist. â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery. † 12 May 2012. http://0-go. galegroup. com. ilsprod. lib. neu. edu/ps/infomark. do? sPage=52;userGroupName=mlin_b_northest;prodId=PROF;searchType=AdvancedSearchForm;queryId=Locale%28en%2CUS%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28sn%2C9%290013-0613%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28vo%2C3%29403%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28sp%2C. Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery. † n. d. http://lifestyle. iloveindia. com/lounge/disadvantages-of-plastic-surgery-5535. html. Kita, Natalie. â€Å"What is Plastic Surgery? † 10 March 2009. http://plasticsurgery. about. com/od/historyofplasticsurgery/a/what_is_PS. htm. NordqvistChristian. â€Å"What Is Cosmetic Surgery? What Is Plastic Surgery? † 2009 ? Jun? 30 ?. http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/155757. php. Wikipedia. â€Å"Reconstructive surgery. â₠¬  27 February 2013. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reconstructive_surgery. Plastic Surgery There are no secrets that the world is getting more open minded idea of plastic surgery. Cosmetic procedures become a trend among people who are seeking a way to improve their appearance, because everyone wants to be more attractive and pretty. In some countries, plastic surgeon is as common as supermarket. For example, Korea is number one in the world in term of plastic surgery. One of five Korean admitted that they have done cosmetic procedure. Because of the image centric culture in today’s society, more and more people tend to get plastic surgery in order to please the majority standards of beauty. Plastic surgery is just a swallow way in order to conform to this image centric society majority’s standards. People should not just only pursue the ephemeral appearance and overlook the permanent of inside beauty. Plastic surgery is an unnatural way to change people’s appearance. During the surgery, people can effectively improve their appearance in short time. The most common types of surgery such as Botox injection, breast lift and double eyelids surgery are the poplar surgeries that people usually get. Besides, cosmetic surgery is very costly. Surgeons need to spend around thousand dollars for every diagnosis. Furthermore, Cosmetic surgery is actually an operation. That mean the patients need to take risk on the surgery, and the surgery is not also 100 percent success. The operation is very painful and the patients need to take a long time to recover their body. In spite of all the risk they take and the expensive of the surgery, every year, there have uncountable people are still willing to take action on surgery in order to conform to someone else’s standards of beauty. This is what our society look like; the standards of beauty are completely twisted, people are more care about the appearance than their health. It is really understand some people try to get cosmetic surgery to improve their appearance because not t not everyone have an angel face when they born with. That is the reason that people just try to found a way to get satisfied about their appearance. Can we blame on the people who get plastic surgery? No, it is not their fault. This is actually the fault of our society, the fault of human concept. Because of our image centric society, people judge others just only form their appearance. People usually make fun on the person who is ugly or fat, and the ridiculous reason just because the person who born with an unperfected face. Some people are never know about how the disadvantage of an ugly face. Because of the pathological moral concept of this society, plastic surgery is the best way to help some people to conform to someone else’s standards of beauty. The sad thing is plastic surgery can just only change about people’s appearance, it cannot change people’s thought. What people should care more is the moral beauty more than the appearance. That is no reason for us to change our appearance and beauty standards just to conform to someone. The standard of beauty is just an indiscernible thing, and it should be more personal thing which belongs to you. The way to change people’s appearance is not to change about the out looking, is about how to change people’s thought. Plastic Surgery Name: Anna Teacher: Taliasin Subject: writing Date: March 22th 2013 Reseach Essay: Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, most plastic surgery is not cosmetic; plastic surgery includes many types of reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. (Kita) There are two types of plastic surgery: cosmetic plastic surgery and reconstructive plastic surgery.Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns; traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures and breaks; congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palates or cleft lips; developmental abnormalities; infection and disease; and cancer or tumors. Reconstructive plastic surgery is usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance. Cosmetic su rgery involves techniques intend for the enhancement of appearance through surgical and medical techniques.It is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal. Some common reconstructive surgical procedures include breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and creating a new outer ear when one is congenitally absent. The most common reconstructive procedures are tumor removal, laceration repair, scar repair, hand surgery, and breast reduction plasty. Wikipedia) There are many types of cosmetic surgery, such as Tummy tuck, Eyelid surgery, Mammoplasty, Lower-body lift, Chemical peel, Labiaplasty, Nose job, Ear surgery, Facelift, Liposuction, Brow lift, Chin augmentation, Cheek augmentation, Cheek lift, Collagen injections and Fat injections, etc. (Nordqvist) And double eyelid surgery is the simplest cosmetic surgery. In A sia, may be a lot of people think that Koreans are the group of people who are most interested in cosmetic surgery. But this idea should be changed because there is data shows that cosmetic surgery in other countries is also very popular, especially in China and India.A few years ago, the international Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Association investigated the quantity of surgery and non-operative procedure face-lifting of 25 countries; the data include the 75% of the total global plastic surgery. The data shows, the plastic surgery number in America occupied 17. 5% of the total; Brazil is the second; and China's the third, occupied 12. 7% of the total; India followed it at fourth. It is important to note that Korea is famous for plastic surgery, but it is arranged at the seventh. Instead, China is the most popular country in cosmetic surgery.According to the article â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery†, China performs more cosmetic surgery than any country except America and Bra zil. It is worth $2. 4 billion. At least 1. 3m licensed procedures were carried out in 2010 in China. ((US))The development of cosmetic surgery is really rapidly because China is growing wealth and beauty is deemed an advantage in many competitive workplaces. People looking for a job have to submit a photograph with their application. People's Ninth Hospital is the busiest hospital for cosmetic surgery in Shanghai.There were 50,000 cosmetic operations in 2011, a 50% increase in five years. Most patients are 20s age. The three most common procedures they required are double eyelid surgery, liposuction and nose jobs. People who want to have plastic surgery need to assume risk because sometimes plastic surgery may fail and have serious consequences. Some people have a failing plastic surgery and spend more money to remedy it, but at last they still became disabled. A Chinese star who named Wang Bei has died because of cosmetic surgery.She wanted to have a facial bone grinding operation , but when she was having the surgery, the blood flow into her weasand. Although she was rescued as much as possible, she still died at last. This created a great sensation to the society. Tong Xiao is a 21-year-old student in the city of Hangzhou who deeply regrets her nose job. She spent 3,500 yuan to make her nose bigger by using silica gel before she went to university. But she soon felt uneasy about the cheap gel. A year later, she stole 10,000 yuan from her father to replace the gel with a material similar to Gore-Tex.Unfortunately, the second surgery failed. Ten months later her nose was too painful to touch. She had to keep telling herself that this is the price of beauty. There is some detailed information on the disadvantages of plastic surgery, such as complications, possibility of physical disability and addiction. (Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery) One of the most obvious shortcomings of plastic surgery is the risk of complications. Our body is sensitive, if something g oes wrong during or after the plastic surgery, it will result in an infection or illness.We also shouldn’t ignore the possibility of physical disability. If you become disabled, you will feel more painful than remaining your original appearance. In addition, some people may be addicted in plastic surgery. They look forward to change more parts of their body after they did it once successfully. However, since plastic surgery is so popular, it must have the advantages can attract people a lot. First of all, a beautiful appearance can improve one’s chances in the job market and help one’s career.Let us assume, some jobs related to public relations, mass media or other things require pleasant appearances, which may represent the image of the department or group, like airline stewardess and Miss Sales. In the second place, plastic surgery helps people gain confidence which makes them have more courage to do many things and enhance the probability of success. Because many people lack confidence for they don’t have good looks. Thirdly, with the development of technology and medical science, the risks and costs of plastic surgery can be minimized.And people won’t pay so much money to become more beautiful. Nowadays, public opinion for the cosmetic surgery has many different views. According to the survey analysis, the public opinion about cosmetic surgery can be classified into three types: one is support by action; the second is that people understand it but won’t do it themselves; the third is disagreeing with cosmetic surgery. The development of science and technology and change of notion of people respectively make cosmetic surgery more popular. Cosmetic surgery is wonderful and magical by using the technology and science to some extent.Some people choose cosmetic surgery because a beautiful appearance is their choice of purpose. Some people choose cosmetic surgery due to inborn or accident disfigurement of body. A few peo ple choose cosmetic surgery in order to look like their idol. Person who understands it but won’t do it themselves because people’s education and concept are changing as time goes by. So, most people accept this phenomenon calmly. They would not do it for the investigation of surgery and the damage of body. People who disagree with it because they think cosmetic surgery is really harmful for body.A person's appearance cannot represent his behavior, people’s inner is more important than his appearance. In my opinion, it depends on different conditions. Only people themselves can decide if plastic surgery is right for them. Meanwhile, they should know much information and think deliberately before they make a decision. In addition, having plastic surgery does not necessarily mean neglecting inner beauty. It is understood that some companies would not hire a person only with an appealing appearance but without enough capability.Real beauty is a combination of exter nal and internal beauty. It includes excellence behavior, character and education. Therefore, we should have confidence and be positive. Work cited BIBLIOGRAPHY (US), The Economist. â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery. † 12 May 2012. http://0-go. galegroup. com. ilsprod. lib. neu. edu/ps/infomark. do? sPage=52;userGroupName=mlin_b_northest;prodId=PROF;searchType=AdvancedSearchForm;queryId=Locale%28en%2CUS%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28sn%2C9%290013-0613%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28vo%2C3%29403%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28sp%2C. Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery. † n. d. http://lifestyle. iloveindia. com/lounge/disadvantages-of-plastic-surgery-5535. html. Kita, Natalie. â€Å"What is Plastic Surgery? † 10 March 2009. http://plasticsurgery. about. com/od/historyofplasticsurgery/a/what_is_PS. htm. NordqvistChristian. â€Å"What Is Cosmetic Surgery? What Is Plastic Surgery? † 2009 ? Jun? 30 ?. http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/155757. php. Wikipedia. â€Å"Reconstructive surgery. â₠¬  27 February 2013. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reconstructive_surgery. Plastic Surgery Name: Anna Teacher: Taliasin Subject: writing Date: March 22th 2013 Reseach Essay: Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, most plastic surgery is not cosmetic; plastic surgery includes many types of reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. (Kita) There are two types of plastic surgery: cosmetic plastic surgery and reconstructive plastic surgery.Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns; traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures and breaks; congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palates or cleft lips; developmental abnormalities; infection and disease; and cancer or tumors. Reconstructive plastic surgery is usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance. Cosmetic su rgery involves techniques intend for the enhancement of appearance through surgical and medical techniques.It is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal. Some common reconstructive surgical procedures include breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and creating a new outer ear when one is congenitally absent. The most common reconstructive procedures are tumor removal, laceration repair, scar repair, hand surgery, and breast reduction plasty. Wikipedia) There are many types of cosmetic surgery, such as Tummy tuck, Eyelid surgery, Mammoplasty, Lower-body lift, Chemical peel, Labiaplasty, Nose job, Ear surgery, Facelift, Liposuction, Brow lift, Chin augmentation, Cheek augmentation, Cheek lift, Collagen injections and Fat injections, etc. (Nordqvist) And double eyelid surgery is the simplest cosmetic surgery. In A sia, may be a lot of people think that Koreans are the group of people who are most interested in cosmetic surgery. But this idea should be changed because there is data shows that cosmetic surgery in other countries is also very popular, especially in China and India.A few years ago, the international Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Association investigated the quantity of surgery and non-operative procedure face-lifting of 25 countries; the data include the 75% of the total global plastic surgery. The data shows, the plastic surgery number in America occupied 17. 5% of the total; Brazil is the second; and China's the third, occupied 12. 7% of the total; India followed it at fourth. It is important to note that Korea is famous for plastic surgery, but it is arranged at the seventh. Instead, China is the most popular country in cosmetic surgery.According to the article â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery†, China performs more cosmetic surgery than any country except America and Bra zil. It is worth $2. 4 billion. At least 1. 3m licensed procedures were carried out in 2010 in China. ((US))The development of cosmetic surgery is really rapidly because China is growing wealth and beauty is deemed an advantage in many competitive workplaces. People looking for a job have to submit a photograph with their application. People's Ninth Hospital is the busiest hospital for cosmetic surgery in Shanghai.There were 50,000 cosmetic operations in 2011, a 50% increase in five years. Most patients are 20s age. The three most common procedures they required are double eyelid surgery, liposuction and nose jobs. People who want to have plastic surgery need to assume risk because sometimes plastic surgery may fail and have serious consequences. Some people have a failing plastic surgery and spend more money to remedy it, but at last they still became disabled. A Chinese star who named Wang Bei has died because of cosmetic surgery.She wanted to have a facial bone grinding operation , but when she was having the surgery, the blood flow into her weasand. Although she was rescued as much as possible, she still died at last. This created a great sensation to the society. Tong Xiao is a 21-year-old student in the city of Hangzhou who deeply regrets her nose job. She spent 3,500 yuan to make her nose bigger by using silica gel before she went to university. But she soon felt uneasy about the cheap gel. A year later, she stole 10,000 yuan from her father to replace the gel with a material similar to Gore-Tex.Unfortunately, the second surgery failed. Ten months later her nose was too painful to touch. She had to keep telling herself that this is the price of beauty. There is some detailed information on the disadvantages of plastic surgery, such as complications, possibility of physical disability and addiction. (Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery) One of the most obvious shortcomings of plastic surgery is the risk of complications. Our body is sensitive, if something g oes wrong during or after the plastic surgery, it will result in an infection or illness.We also shouldn’t ignore the possibility of physical disability. If you become disabled, you will feel more painful than remaining your original appearance. In addition, some people may be addicted in plastic surgery. They look forward to change more parts of their body after they did it once successfully. However, since plastic surgery is so popular, it must have the advantages can attract people a lot. First of all, a beautiful appearance can improve one’s chances in the job market and help one’s career.Let us assume, some jobs related to public relations, mass media or other things require pleasant appearances, which may represent the image of the department or group, like airline stewardess and Miss Sales. In the second place, plastic surgery helps people gain confidence which makes them have more courage to do many things and enhance the probability of success. Because many people lack confidence for they don’t have good looks. Thirdly, with the development of technology and medical science, the risks and costs of plastic surgery can be minimized.And people won’t pay so much money to become more beautiful. Nowadays, public opinion for the cosmetic surgery has many different views. According to the survey analysis, the public opinion about cosmetic surgery can be classified into three types: one is support by action; the second is that people understand it but won’t do it themselves; the third is disagreeing with cosmetic surgery. The development of science and technology and change of notion of people respectively make cosmetic surgery more popular. Cosmetic surgery is wonderful and magical by using the technology and science to some extent.Some people choose cosmetic surgery because a beautiful appearance is their choice of purpose. Some people choose cosmetic surgery due to inborn or accident disfigurement of body. A few peo ple choose cosmetic surgery in order to look like their idol. Person who understands it but won’t do it themselves because people’s education and concept are changing as time goes by. So, most people accept this phenomenon calmly. They would not do it for the investigation of surgery and the damage of body. People who disagree with it because they think cosmetic surgery is really harmful for body.A person's appearance cannot represent his behavior, people’s inner is more important than his appearance. In my opinion, it depends on different conditions. Only people themselves can decide if plastic surgery is right for them. Meanwhile, they should know much information and think deliberately before they make a decision. In addition, having plastic surgery does not necessarily mean neglecting inner beauty. It is understood that some companies would not hire a person only with an appealing appearance but without enough capability.Real beauty is a combination of exter nal and internal beauty. It includes excellence behavior, character and education. Therefore, we should have confidence and be positive. Work cited BIBLIOGRAPHY (US), The Economist. â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery. † 12 May 2012. http://0-go. galegroup. com. ilsprod. lib. neu. edu/ps/infomark. do? sPage=52;userGroupName=mlin_b_northest;prodId=PROF;searchType=AdvancedSearchForm;queryId=Locale%28en%2CUS%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28sn%2C9%290013-0613%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28vo%2C3%29403%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28sp%2C. Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery. † n. d. http://lifestyle. iloveindia. com/lounge/disadvantages-of-plastic-surgery-5535. html. Kita, Natalie. â€Å"What is Plastic Surgery? † 10 March 2009. http://plasticsurgery. about. com/od/historyofplasticsurgery/a/what_is_PS. htm. NordqvistChristian. â€Å"What Is Cosmetic Surgery? What Is Plastic Surgery? † 2009 ? Jun? 30 ?. http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/155757. php. Wikipedia. â€Å"Reconstructive surgery. â₠¬  27 February 2013. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reconstructive_surgery.

The Size and Function of the Federal Government

The Size and Function of the Federal Government In the 2010 midterm elections, the federal government’s size and function have been the common topic of debate among politicians in their election campaigns.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Size and Function of the Federal Government specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Liberals see the federal government as essential to America’s growth and well being. It should be large enough to protect its people from foreign threats, regulate businesses to avoid unfair competition and help the less fortunate citizens. Conservatives on the other hand argue that the federal government has already grown too big that it has become costly, consuming most of the US budget. They believe that the institution should limit their involvement and leave tasks to private entities and non-profit organizations. This paper aims to evaluate the arguments of liberals and conservatives in determining if the US needs a bigger federal g overnment. According to liberals, the federal government is vital in the growth of the United States because they provide infrastructures, education and healthcare mostly to support the poor and the society as a whole. Such investments could not have been adequately undertaken by private institutions because their scope is usually limited to that within their interests. Government support is primarily required in building roads and facilitating educational and healthcare systems and structures (McKenna and Feingold 238). The federal government serves as a coordinator in harmonizing systems such as railroad, water and highway structures. The government standardized the railroad systems when different sizes of tracks were used. They also created economies of scale when they organized communities to use a single public water system. Among others, the government was also involved in managing synchronized systems for highways and international trade and currency valuation (McKenna and Fe ingold 238). Lastly, the federal government imposes regulations which often make economies work better. The federal government was able to make product and service information more open, reduce corruption, monopolistic pricing and anticompetitive policies through regulations. They were also able to temper financial regulations (McKenna and Feingold 238). The controversial key benefit of the Post World War II government is it makes the economy more stable by creating jobs and supporting incomes. In this scenario, unemployment insurances, Social Security and government employments are stabilizing factors (McKenna and Feingold 239). On the other hand, conservatives give emphasis on the protection of freedom which should be guarded by both public and private institutions against the concentration of power. Freedom is destroyed because other institutions are weakened by the presence of the federal government for power is concentrated on the latter. The federal government dominates and di minishes the role of other institutions (McKenna and Feingold 242).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In downsizing the federal government, governors and state legislatures can take control of education, healthcare, transportation and other services, giving citizens more independence from the federal government. At the state and federal level, business leaders can unite around common goals to lessen corporate taxes, duplicative regulations and lawsuits. The growth of the federal government must be restrain because of its unsound levels of spending and debt. This may result in the financial collapse of the government and private sector’s economic structures (McKenna and Feingold 245). Studies show that economic growth occurs when government spending is on the 20 percent or below GDP range but over the years as government spending increased, exceeding the 20 percent GDP, the US economy had slowed down and declined (McKenna and Feingold 246). Congress should take responsibility in the country’s problems such as the nation’s debt, out of control spending and loose monetary policies which are creating economic insecurity. Unrestrained government spending and debt may result to the neglecting of national priorities such as defence, devaluation of the US dollar, destruction of private-sector economy and the loss of wealth and quality of life for all Americans (McKenna and Feingold 247). The government is an essential institution for the development and protection of freedom but it should not try to manage America because they are only there to make the rules and enforce them. The federal government has been trying to manage and control many aspects of America’s economy and social services which always results to disaster. It has put America on an unstable financial course with its uncontrollable spending and huge debt. Both liberal and conservative parties have clearly stated and defended their opinions on the case of the enlargement of the US federal government. Analyzing and evaluating both sides, I conclude that the United States of America should broaden the scope and functions of the federal government because, although they are not perfect, they outline systems of rules and regulations which are clear in helping the growth of the country especially through infrastructures, education, healthcare and economic reforms. Conservatives may argue that such tasks can also be done by governors and other private entities. The concern here is that these groups may not provide consistent support in executing such tasks for they will always weigh and base their decisions on their own interests. In the 2010 midterm election the incumbents have been defeated because of the bad economy. Republicans were re-re-elected and democratic incumbents lost in record numbers. During midterm elections voters tend to punish the pre sident’s party because of their dissatisfaction of economic performance (O’Connor, Sabato and Yanus 361).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Size and Function of the Federal Government specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More McKenna, George and Feingold, Stanley. Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Political Issues. 17th ed. New York: McGraw Hill. 2011. Print. O’Connor, Karen, Sabato, Larry J., and Yanus, Alexandra B. Essentials of American Government: Roots and Reform. United States: Pearson Education, Inc., 2011. Print.

Vietnam Currency Protectionism Essay Example

Vietnam Currency Protectionism Essay Example Vietnam Currency Protectionism Essay Vietnam Currency Protectionism Essay Vietnam’s determination to devaluate its currency by 5 per cent last hebdomad to protect itself from undervaluation of the Chinese renminbi. and the disquieted response from Thailand and other Asiatic states. suggests the move towards planetary trade struggle may already be unstoppable. As one group of states seeks to derive or keep trade advantage by pull stringsing their currencies. the historical case in point suggests that states that are non able to devaluate will react with trade protection. particularly duties and other barriers. and planetary trade will endure. In the 1930s many. but non all. major economic systems imposed Draconian restraints on trade which aggressively contracted international commercialism and about surely slowed the planetary recovery. It was widely understood so that the prostration in international trade would merely decline the crisis. and yet states. seeking to protect their ain places. jointly engaged in behavior that left them worse off. American economic experts Barry Eichengreen and Douglas Irwin late published a paper analyzing the roots of the post-1930 rush in protection. They argue that during the 1920s and shortly after the oncoming of the 1929 crisis. several states abandoned the gilded criterion and engaged in beggar-thy-neighbour competitory devaluations. These states later experienced rapid betterments in their trade balances and suffered much less from the depredations of the planetary contraction of the 1930s. But others. most evidently the US and European gold bloc states. were aggressively constrained in their ability to set their currencies. These states suffered much of the brunt of the accommodation as imports became more competitory against their domestic industries. particularly in relation to states that were less constrained. These were besides the states that were most likely to fall back to what the writers call the second-best accommodation mechanisms – duties. import quotas. exchange controls. and so on. The exchange rate government and economic policies associated with it were cardinal determiners of trade policies of the early 1930s. they wrote. States that remained on the gilded criterion. maintaining their currencies fixed against gold. were more likely to curtail foreign trade. With other states devaluating and deriving fight at their disbursal. they adopted such policies to beef up the balance of payments and fend off gold losingss. That should non surprise us. In a universe of undertaking planetary demand policymakers were concerned non merely with steps to hike domestic demand but besides with steps that allowed them to get a greater portion of foreign net demand. The easiest manner to make this was by devaluation. But states that were unable to realine their currencies remained under force per unit area to happen alternate ways of assisting their domestic industries. They resorted to duties and import quotas. The same thing may be go oning once more. Of class no currency is any longer tied to gold. so there is no state whose ability to devaluate. as in the 1930s. is limited by a committedness to keep gilded para. But there are states whose abilities to pull off their currencies are however badly constrained. The US dollar. for illustration. is widely believed to be overvalued. particularly in relation to the currencies of Asiatic states. Because of monolithic intercession by Asiatic cardinal Bankss. nevertheless. it is turn outing about impossible for the dollar to set sufficiently. except against drifting currencies such as the euro. This creates a similar job for Europe. Although few analysts believe the euro to be undervalued against the dollar – so. most believe it is more likely to be overvalued – it is however forced to bear the brunt of US dollar accommodation by farther grasp. This means that both the US and eurozone states suffer from currency intercession and competitory devaluations elsewhere. with small room to set. What can the US and Europe make? If Messrs Eichengreen and Irwin are right. they are likely to fall back to the same second-best options available to them as states locked into overvalued gilded exchange rates in the thirtiess. They will raise duties or otherwise intervene straight in trade. and it is pretty clear already that as US and European choler over currency misalignment grows. the resort to protectionism is besides turning. About everyone agrees that a universe that retreats into direct and indirect signifiers of trade protection is a universe that is worse off and likely to retrieve more easy from the planetary crisis. But the fact that everyone seems to hold on this point should non still our concerns. In the 1930s. it was besides good understood that the crisis would be exacerbated by immersing international trade. This did non halt a descent into protectionism which put the Great into the Great Depression. Once once more it seems we are traveling to do the same error. States that can spread out their portion of planetary demand by competitory devaluations are seeking to make so. States that can non will about surely see more direct signifiers of intercession. We should worry. Without serious planetary co-ordination. in which the US and Europe forswear protectionism in exchange for important grasp of undervalued currencies. lifting duties appear inevitable.

Gravitas

Gravitas Gravitas Gravitas By Maeve Maddox The Latin word gravitas to mean â€Å"the dignity of leadership† came into use as an English word in 1924; since the mid-1980s it has soared in popularity. The literal meaning of the Latin word gravitas is â€Å"weight, heaviness.† Our word gravity derives from that sense. The OnlineEtymologyDictionary observes that gravitas became useful to describe human seriousness when the word gravity acquired a mainly scientific meaning. For the ancient Romans gravitas was the highest of the fourteen virtues. A man who possessed gravitas recognized the importance of the matter at hand. He had a strong sense of responsibility and was not given to frivolous behavior or excessive levity. Even after Christian theology replaced pagan practice, gravitas was still cherished in leaders. Ambrose (c.339-397), a fourth century bishop of Milan, saw gravitas as a quality of mind, but felt that â€Å"the set of a man’s mind can be read in how he carries his body.† He refused to accept priests if he disliked the way they walked: â€Å"their mincing walk revealed their flighty character.† Traditionally, gravitas is a masculine virtue, so it’s not surprising that it is often mentioned as a quality lacking in women seeking high office or other leadership status: Miers Lacks the Necessary Gravitas [for the Supreme Court] [Katy Couric] was perceived as lacking gravitas. [Hillary] Clintonlacks gravitas and integrity, Yellenlacks the â€Å"gravitas† necessary to carry the economy through another financial mess. Karl Rove said that Sarah Palin lacks gravitas. Male politicians have also been criticized for lacking gravitas: Rubio lacks gravitas and seriousness. [Bill] Clinton lacks oriental self-control and maturity, the gravitas and substance one expects in the defining figures of history. Bushsuffers from lack of gravitas hes a likable fellow, casual and friendly, but not the most serious player on the national scene. Pipes says Christie lacks the gravitas and integrity to serve as US Vice President. In 1904 a political commentator opined that Teddy Roosevelt lacked gravitas and provided a list of what gravitas should include: â€Å"honesty, intelligence, energy, willingness to discard untenable views, wisdom, breadth of vision, depth of insight, and that nameless something that enables a man to keep all his faculties in thorough control.† Strong words like gravitas that start out with clear definitions tend to suffer a dilution of meaning once they gain media popularity. From being an expressive term for dignity and strength of character, gravitas is on its way to becoming a throwaway word with any number of vague meanings: Despite an engaging, nuanced performance from Robert De Niro as Frank GoodeEverybody’s Fine inevitably suffers from a lack of real emotional gravitas.   Before the Fall [a play] lacks the gravitas that the subject deserves. As the Academy voters see it, Gravity [a movie] lacks gravitas. While the story [Walking with Dinosaurs] is educational, and obviously geared for children, it lacks any gravitas StarTrek actress lends her gravitas to film promoting ideas that sun revolves around Earth. Gravitas is now so overused that it has become a target for humorists: Suddenly gravitas is what is needed, gravitas is what makes a country strongOh if only we could bottle it, think of the killing we could make! Australian blogger Greg Jericho In the world of popular entertainment–and that includes political commentary–the notion of gravitas has become something of a laughing stock. In another context–the world of corporate advancement–gravitas is taken very seriously. I’ll discuss the business world definition of gravitas in another article. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" 40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†5 Erroneously Constructed â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Sentences

Attrition Rates in Call Centres and Managing Attrition Rate by Best Essay

Attrition Rates in Call Centres and Managing Attrition Rate by Best HRM Practices - Essay Example ers resign or retire and are not replaced (Dictionary.com, 2010) Attrition rate is higher at the junior level, and the retention rate after probation period of 6 months varies from 80 - 85 per cent. Factors causing attrition could be categorized as the factors inherent to the industry, social factors, factors relating to phase of the industry and other general factors related to all industries. A research through questionnaire survey has been conducted to supplement literature review for establishing the causes for high level of attrition in Call Centers and discuss the role of HRM in managing attrition with reference to the findings. BPO is a fast growing industry in the emerging economy like India and the contribution of BPO to its economic development is significant. Budhdwar et al. (2009, p.353) quotes, â€Å"†¦ it is estimated that India controls 44 per cent of world outsourcing business (NASSCOM, 2005a)†. According to Business Maps of India.com (2010) â€Å"The growth in the contribution of BPOs to Gross Domestic Product has shown a steady rise from 1.2% to 5.4%†.   It further states â€Å"Service Sector of Indian Economy  contributes to around 55 percent of Indias GDP during 2006-07 ...   the service sector witnessed a rise of 11 percent in the year 2006-07 against the 9.8 percent growth in 2005-06†. Chatterjee writes, â€Å"The annu al contract value added up to $ 290 million in September quarter 2010 as against $129 million in the corresponding period previous year, according to global research firm Everest.† The service industries in general are on faster growth track in the developed countries. Kollewe (2010) writes â€Å"The dominant service sector expanded at its fastest pace in more than three years in February, data released this morning showed.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ A sub-index measuring new business in services increased to 57.5 from 53.4, the highest since September 2007. Encouragingly, job prospects improved in the service sector, with the employment reading

Avatar Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Avatar - Assignment Example Thus the film’s clear and direct message is that of aggressive dominant cultures, just like that of the U.S subjugating another country in pursuit of riches or resources. Thus avatar is all about the imperialistic culture that the US as a country and her citizens are known for. Just the way humans invade Pandora, US also has been involved in the conquest of weaker resource-rich countries in the pretense of offering them protection. In Avatar setting, 2154, humans have accomplished a technologically sophisticated, post-industrial community that is mainly under the dominion of powerful industries and corporations. This future earth of the film is depicted as an over polluted, overpopulated, dystopian global metropolitan shanty destroyed by fraudulent, nature-devastating industrialism. According to the film, the earth’s ecosystem has been completely wretched and there is very small working natural ecosystem, if any, left. This is exactly what is happening globally today wh ereby ecosystems have been completely destroyed by manmade industrial advancement resulting in global warming and other disasters such as tsunamis and devastating hurricanes. The theme of industrialization and pollution can be related to other cultures and countries in that they (countries) are also in constant search for resources so as to feed their growing industrial might. For instance, China has been very aggressive in search of resources in Africa so as to fuel her growing industries as well as factories.

Childhood Obesity in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Childhood Obesity in the USA - Essay Example The World Health Organisation explains obesity as the accumulation of excessive or abnormal fat in the body. This excess fat is weakens ones health. The body mass index is pivotal in determining whether one is obese. A child is obese when he has weight above the normal weight estimated for his age and height. The World Health Organisation state that, in order to assess a child’s healthy weight, it is crucial to make a comparison basing on the weight of other children having a similar age and of the same gender. The centre of disease and control provide growth charts utilised by physicians in monitoring the growth of the child. The world health organisation state that children between the age of 2-19 who have a BMI greater or equal to 95thpercentile is obese (Who.int, â€Å"Childhood Obesity†). The American heart association fact sheet indicates that among children aged between 2-19, 1 out of 6 are obese. Statistics estimate that 17.8% of the obese population are boys, whereas, 15.9% of the obese population are girls. The figures quoted by the CDC illustrates that, the proportion of children between the ages 5-17 years considered to be obese has risen in 2008/2009 compared to 1973/1974. In 2009-2010, 16.9% children and adolescents in the states were obese. Statistics show that obesity is prevalent among boys than girls (CDC.gov, â€Å"NCHS data brief.†). There are varied reasons explaining the causes of obesity. The main cause is the unhealthy diet observed by many children coupled with low physical activity. Sedentary lifestyles such as watching TV, spending hours on mobile phone and plating video games are activities common among children of the 21 century. These activities have replaced active exercises such as swimming, playing ball or biking.

A Report on a Research to Identify the Best Practice to Implement in Essay

A Report on a Research to Identify the Best Practice to Implement in the Field at Electrocom Ltd - Essay Example The paper defines the concept of organisational learning and its applicability to Electrocom Ltd. Three areas have been explored and they include a review of the use of strategy by an organisation as a process of learning, the structure and systems in use at Electrocom Ltd, and teamwork and leadership roles are discussed in relation to organisational learning. According to Senge (1992), a learning organisation is â€Å"...a place where people continually expand their capacity to create results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free and where people are continually learning how to learn† (p. 1). Furthermore, he developed an organisational learning framework based on five disciplines namely personal mastery, mental models, shared vision, team learning, and systems thinking. These disciplines, which served as a representation of the long term learning practice for both the individual and the organisati on, are discussed below (Senge, 1992): Personal Mastery – this is where individual employees develop their own capabilities in delivery of desired results. In addition, employees create a society in which all colleagues are encouraged to improve themselves in accordance with the organisational goals and objectives. Mental Models – through reflection, individuals continually clarify, rectify, and improve their personal view of the world as well as see how they model decisions and individual actions. Shared Vision – individuals establish workgroups within which they build a committed spirit to develop a shared image of universal desires and guiding principles and practices which will support the vision. Team Learning – this is where relevant thinking skills of different groups of people enable them develop intelligence and an ability greater than the talent of each individual member put together. Systems Thinking – this is the language used to unders tand and describe the relationships and forces that shape the system’s behaviour. This discipline helps employees and managers at the same level to develop a way to effectively change the systems and act in accordance with economic and natural processes of the world. Organisational learning is the ideal concept of coping with change in an organisation as it engages the minds and hearts of all participating staff in a continuous and harmonious change that is productive and designed to achieve genuine results wanted by the stakeholders of the organisation (Covey, 1992). This process enables individuals to be creative and learn collectively to develop and encourage innovation and ability to respond to global competition rapidly. In short, organisational learning encompasses constant smartness as the learning process is planned, systematic and in accordance with the strategic goals of the organisation. Electrocom Ltd is working towards establishing competencies that are consisten t with attributes of organisational learning. During this period of transformation, Electrocom Ltd is expected to undergo organisational change that is directed towards flexibility of the organisation in terms of responding to the competitive market changes. Emphasis has been placed on cross-functional teaming and establishment of programs to enable people to contribute greatly to the development of the organisation. Electrocom Ltd is an electronics company based in North West, employing around 700 employees. It

Arranging Morning Tea Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arranging Morning Tea - Research Paper Example I would like to serve at least two types of fruit juices (ten from each) to meet with the different likes and dislikes of the visitors. If caterer A is selected to provide mango and apple juices for 20 persons the cost will be USD 110 (10x6 + 10x5). If caterer B is selected to provide apple and lime juices for 20 persons (considering 200 ml as the serving size) the cost will be USD 80 (20x2 + 4x10). Cater A is a long established outlet which is well-known for the quality of its foods. Many people including our own staff members had dined there and are impressed by the quality, appearance, and taste of the foods and hygienic practices. Even though it is the most distanced place to our complex from the two outlets, they usually transport foods to the required venue free of charge and on time. Caterer B is new to the area and little is known about the quality of their foods. It is comparatively a small place and hygienic practices are not prominent. Although the prices are cheaper caterer B provides artificially flavored apple juice which may not be the best option to impress our valuable guest. Irrespective of the 1-2 dollar increase in the price, fresh juices are desirable to treat such important first-time visitors. Moreover provided prices (by caterer A) are very reasonable for this types of good quality fruit juices. Further caterer B provides juices in bottles and non-potable cups whereas caterer A provides juices in portable plastics cups. It is convenience for us to have in cups since we do not need to arrange them (pour them into cups) before serving. Also, visitors can watch the complex while sipping the juice.

A Report on a Research to Identify the Best Practice to Implement in Essay

A Report on a Research to Identify the Best Practice to Implement in the Field at Electrocom Ltd - Essay Example The paper defines the concept of organisational learning and its applicability to Electrocom Ltd. Three areas have been explored and they include a review of the use of strategy by an organisation as a process of learning, the structure and systems in use at Electrocom Ltd, and teamwork and leadership roles are discussed in relation to organisational learning. According to Senge (1992), a learning organisation is â€Å"...a place where people continually expand their capacity to create results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free and where people are continually learning how to learn† (p. 1). Furthermore, he developed an organisational learning framework based on five disciplines namely personal mastery, mental models, shared vision, team learning, and systems thinking. These disciplines, which served as a representation of the long term learning practice for both the individual and the organisati on, are discussed below (Senge, 1992): Personal Mastery – this is where individual employees develop their own capabilities in delivery of desired results. In addition, employees create a society in which all colleagues are encouraged to improve themselves in accordance with the organisational goals and objectives. Mental Models – through reflection, individuals continually clarify, rectify, and improve their personal view of the world as well as see how they model decisions and individual actions. Shared Vision – individuals establish workgroups within which they build a committed spirit to develop a shared image of universal desires and guiding principles and practices which will support the vision. Team Learning – this is where relevant thinking skills of different groups of people enable them develop intelligence and an ability greater than the talent of each individual member put together. Systems Thinking – this is the language used to unders tand and describe the relationships and forces that shape the system’s behaviour. This discipline helps employees and managers at the same level to develop a way to effectively change the systems and act in accordance with economic and natural processes of the world. Organisational learning is the ideal concept of coping with change in an organisation as it engages the minds and hearts of all participating staff in a continuous and harmonious change that is productive and designed to achieve genuine results wanted by the stakeholders of the organisation (Covey, 1992). This process enables individuals to be creative and learn collectively to develop and encourage innovation and ability to respond to global competition rapidly. In short, organisational learning encompasses constant smartness as the learning process is planned, systematic and in accordance with the strategic goals of the organisation. Electrocom Ltd is working towards establishing competencies that are consisten t with attributes of organisational learning. During this period of transformation, Electrocom Ltd is expected to undergo organisational change that is directed towards flexibility of the organisation in terms of responding to the competitive market changes. Emphasis has been placed on cross-functional teaming and establishment of programs to enable people to contribute greatly to the development of the organisation. Electrocom Ltd is an electronics company based in North West, employing around 700 employees. It

Accounting of Enron Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting of Enron - Case Study Example was also a player in the accounting profession, he had the responsibility of upholding the integrity of his profession, which, according to Marion (2001), entails reliability, competence, objectivity and above that, integrity. The ethical responsibilities of a corporate attorney and as pointed out by Desjardins and McCall (2005), can be seen to include, the screening of clients’ reports before they are released publicly, and also the setting up of press-briefing meeting, in the case that any news or reports concerning the client firm, wants to be released to the general public. An employee such as Sherron Watkins can act as a whistle-blower to the outside authorities with regards to the on-goings within the company in the event that the company engages in the breach of law or poses a threat to public interests (Nindya, 2010). Nindya further goes on to note that one should owe their loyalty to the ‘parts’, which make up the company, and who, as in this case, happen to be the shareholders. The board of directors, as pointed out by Desjardins and McCall (2005), owes its primary responsibility to the shareholders. This means that, all the efforts by the board of directors should be aimed at safe-guarding he interests of the shareholders in the company. In an attempt to ensure that the board meets these responsibilities, laws can be put in place, for example, and as Nindya (2010) points out, each of the board members can be required to pledge loyalty to the shareholders, with regards to their conduct and not just the company as an entity separate from its shareholders. Government regulators have responsibility towards business, the market and the general public. Focusing on business, as argued by Machan (1998), government regulators ensure that individuals are engaged in fair dealing and get value for their money. With regards to the market, Machan (1988) further goes on to note that government regulators should ensure that the market attains its optimum

The Race Implicit Association Test Essay Example for Free

The Race Implicit Association Test Essay I tried the Race Implicit Association Test (IAT) at www. implicit. harvard. edu . At the beginning I was asked about my attitude towards African Americans and European Americans, I confidently answered that I was neutral. I started the test with a strong conviction that I do not discriminate between African and European Americans. The warm up phase flashed several pictures of African and European Americans, and then I was prompted to press e when I see a black face and ii when I see a white face. That phase was easy but then the part which required to categorize pictures and words together such as a black face and a good word (love, peace.. ) and a white face and a bad word (nasty, evil.. ) and vice versa was difficult. The result showed that I have a moderate automatic preference for European American compared to African American. The site revealed that one gets an automatic preference for European American rating if one responded faster when European American faces and Good words were classified with the same key than when African American faces and Good words were classified with the same key . The site revealed that almost seventy percent of people who take test have a slight – strong automatic preference for European Americans compared to African Americans. Meaning, this seventy percent had difficulty associating the good words with the face of African Americans, and obvious manifestation of racial preference. I wonder what this meant for me. At the beginning of the test I was so sure that I have no bias whatsoever, however the result was rather confusing. I gather that that while I have stated values which I use to direct or control my behavior deliberately; my unconscious attitude manifests itself in instances where there is no chance for me to deliberate. The result showed how incompatible my pronounced convictions are to my unconscious behavior. Upon reflection, I realized that my biases are the product of societal stimuli which are institutionalized in our everyday life. For example, print advertisements depict heavenly with a white person clothed in blinding light and depicts evil as dark. These stimuli condition our minds and make us associate certain words to a certain race. We seem to have stored in our brain what certain things should look like. Thus, we find it difficult to associate black with good. We have stereotypes embedded in our subconscious which manifests when we are faced with situations when we need to make split second decisions, when we need to act without deliberation. Say for example when we meet strangers for the first time, we probably would give higher trust to a white person than to a black person because of the bad and wrongs associated with the race. The unconscious part of our brain silently processes all the data available from all the experiences we’ve had, the people we’ve met, the books we’ve read, movies we’ve watched and then it forms an opinion. On a conscious level we would never discriminate, in fact the state has adopted policies which ban discrimination. The Equal protection clause of our constitution guarantees non-discrimination under any circumstance. However, our unconscious is not covered by this prohibition, or it does not recognize this prohibition because it manifests without us being able to deliberate and rationalize our judgment. It is possible for us to discriminate at any given time, without us knowing it. This is manifest in our behavior around people; a person who has a strong inclination towards white person would naturally lean forward a little more towards a white person or turn-away farther from a black person. This situation may happen anytime and anywhere we meet the stimuli which cause us to discriminate.

The Beatles: History, Political Environment Music Analysis

The Beatles: History, Political Environment Music Analysis Liverpool, a city 202 miles northwest of London that holds down the right bank of the River Mersey, is the second largest port in the British Isles.1 Rock ‘n roll music made its way to England through the port of Liverpool. Liverpool was the entry point for cotton and other imports, including American records, from the United States.2 As a result, compared to the rest of the people in Britain, the people in Liverpool had a stronger exposure to American music. Another factor that contributed to the Liverpudlians familiarity with American music was the presence of RAF Burtonwood, a U.S. military base a few miles northeast of Liverpool. 2 It had the most United States Army Air Forces personnel and facilities in Europe during World War II. At the end of the war, 18,000 servicemen were stationed in this base, which was so large it was known as â€Å"little America†, and they brought to England things from home, including their favorite records.2 History All four Beatles were born into the working class, amid the raining down of German bombs and the wailing of air-sirens during World War II.3 By the time they were teenagers, in the 1950s, things were only starting to settle down Britain was crippled financially, food rationing continued, and the terrain was still jagged with blast marks and craters.4 In the early 1960s, Great Britain still had vast unemployment and stultifying class disjunction, while America, on the other hand, was devastated by the Kennedy assassination and the realities of the Cold War.5 Britons were just coming to terms with the scandal surrounding Government Defense Minister John Profumos extramarital affair,6 which damaged the credibility of the government and eventually led to the resignation of Prime Minister Harold Macmillan.7 The 1960s was a period defined by the Cold War and the relative economic prosperity of capitalism in the west.8 It was an era marked by rock concerts, peace demonstrations, and local pockets of activism and community.9 The Beatles early success symbolized a break with the absence of innovation and quality of late 1950s music, and at the same time it was a continuation of the legacy of the 1950s, as the song writing of Chuck Berry and the vocal style of the Everly Brothers, among many other contributing factors, were integral to the formation of the Beatles own stylistic identity.10 Popular culture was not thought to play a role in political controversy or in society at large, but that was until the end of the Second World War. The Cold War suddenly made popular culture controversial. Actor John Wayne was popular mostly because of the political positions with which he was associated. The need to compete with television led the movies to risk controversial subjects, such as anti-Semitism, homosexuality, and juvenile delinquency. Elvis Presleys introduction of rock n roll music to a white, mainstream audience solidified the association between youth and popular music. By the 1960s, the music helped to establish for teenagers a powerful sense of generational identity. The Beatles attracted a college-age audience to rock n roll, and so their vast popularity contributed to this new perception.11 It was in this period that the youth of the day began to identify with the victims of social injustice. The Hippie culture made these well-to-do young people feel that they could relate to the minority and the poor subpopulations. They pleaded with predominant institutions, the so-called â€Å"establishment†, to reverse their indifference and offer relief, but they realized that the â€Å"establishment† would not heed their moral call and that they had to take it upon themselves to organize as a political movement.12 This period had burning issues that mobilized enormous segments of society. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. magnificently translated the Civil Rights movement, primarily a minority issue, into a universal eliciting of consciousness regarding equal rights for all. The Vietnam War funneled the moral outrage of the youthful secularists into a consciousness that is said to have persisted into the present day. 12 Bob Dylan, the central figure in the emergence of rock n rolls cultural importance, had established himself as the leading young folk music performer and as a writer of powerful topical songs.9 He helped politicize a vast segment of rock culture including the Beatles, inspiring the group to accept its popularity as an opportunity to define and speak to a vital youth constituency. The Beatles music, and rock music in general, became a medium for addressing the issues and events that affected that generation.13 Society As a result of the Baby Boom and the tremendous expansion in opportunities for higher education initiated after World War II, more individuals belonged to the intellectual community or were affected by it. The Baby Boomers were also raised with increasing permissiveness by parents. Children were encouraged not only to think on their own, but to think about a wide range of heretofore suppressed thoughts. It was in the 60s that the formerly stable institutions of Western society—the church, the family, and the local community—began to break down, and as the youth of the day, in increasing numbers, began to explore widely divergent socio-cultural milieus, they came into conflict with conditions of society far less comfortable than their own. They began to identify with the victims of social injustice and pleaded with what appeared to be massive and callous institutions to reverse their indifference and offer relief. The Hippie culture was a result of this they were able t o think of themselves as outlaws, which made them feel that they could relate to the minority.12 There appears to be a connection between the cultural revolution of the sixties and the Beatles music.14 Beat music, which is exemplified by the music of the Beatles, became popular in the 1960s, and at the same time, youth propagated more egalitarian and informal ways of communication as the new standard for social interaction.15 The communication code of the peer group is characterized by an open and almost permanent negotiation of feelings and opinions.16 The Beatles songs could articulate the vocabulary of the rising youth culture so well. The Beatles songs evoked a sense of awakening, as they were articulating and promoting the open and reciprocal idiom of the peer group as a model for civil conversation, giving a full voice to youth culture.14 Politics and Economy Britain, in the 1950s, was recuperating from the aftermath of the war. The cost-of-living index continued to rise rapidly, causing strikes among market workers and employees. Acute coal shortage brought about actual importation from the United States. But employment remained high, because industries began a rapid expansion. The supply of consumer goods also continued to increase, reversing the policy on rationing. The general picture of the economy was brightening.17 The 1960s was witness to the Cold War and the relative economic prosperity of capitalism in the west.8 The United States economys longest peacetime expansion took place from 1961 to 1969.18 The period also saw the Civil Rights movement, the call for equal rights for all, and the Vietnam War, among other issues, which mobilized a huge segment of society into civil disobedience.12 Rock music, which held the youth together,11 was one of the mediums in which they addressed these issues.13 Artworld Relations Rock ‘n roll is a music form that revolutionized in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s through a mixing together of various popular musical genres of the time. It is rooted mainly on rhythm and blues, country, folk, gospel, and jazz. The style quickly spread to the rest of the world and developed further, leading eventually to modern rock music. At around the same time that rock and roll hit Britain in early 1956, a similar form of music came along which is popularly known as skiffle. It was really a fusion of American Jazz, blues and folk music. It also had been surfacing in various semblances for quite a few years.19 From its inception in the early fifties, it had offered teenagers, at that time, a new way of taking in music. With its unmistakably mutinous undertones, rock provides a musical score for the twilight universe that is adolescence. It was commonly looked down by older music listeners but for the youth of that period, it seemed like a personalized declaration of independence.20 A thumbnail chronology of 1950s rock days is a thumbnail chronology of a war between young and old.20 Before a bunch of American records reached UK and stirred the Brits, the firepower started when Bill Haleys Rock Around the Clock reached number one both in the US and UK, and Chuck Berrys Maybellene began to scream on the radios.20 By the late 1950s, rock raced across the pop charts which entertained a lot of teenagers. However, the success of the form by this time is counteracted by most adults and the music industry itself that still looks at rock disdainfully. The new sound is fighting a generational, musical, social, personal war with society.21 While somewhat disturbing societys walls, rock ‘n roll is imploding in the hearts of some teenagers in an English seaport called Liverpool,21 including the young Beatles members, John, George, Paul and Ringo. The first flourishes of rock n roll in the form of Bill Haley and His Comets aligned music with rebellious youth. Particular rock and roll idols following after started the ball rolling for the Beatles. This is topped by none other than Elvis Presley whos dubbed as the guy who lit the Beatles fuse.22 The rock artists who had a major impact on the Beatles ranged from FatsDomino, Eddie Cochran, Carl Perkins, Gene Vincent, Buddy Holly, little Richard, to Chuck Berry. The list goes on. To the Beatles, Elvis may have represented the music style that they wanted, but he wasnt quite the complete package. He sang brilliantly and looked fantastic. He had great songs but he didnt actually write them. However, there were other artists coming onto the scene who also wrote their own material, and this kind of self-sufficiency really appealed to the young Lennon and McCartney.23 At the top of it was Chuck Berry. He was one of the few black performers whom white teenage audience consciously listened to during the 1950s, and he did largely entertained them on the strength of charismatic stage character, his distinctive, rocking, and widely imitated guitar licks, and his ingenious songs. One aspect of Chuck Berrys tremendous influence that should be highlighted, is the way he introduced a more sophisticated and disciplined form of lyricism to rock music. Thus inspiring the likes of Lennon and McCartney to compose their own songs.23 All these musical influences were quickly spread to a mainstream audience of young people during the 1950s and 60s. Before TV took over as a multi-purpose medium for spreading this, radio was king. That well-known Beatle sense of humor came about partly because of the radio comedians they listened to as kids. At the same time, it was also via the airwaves that they first heard the strains of rock and roll. At their time, TV sets were a definite luxury, but one commodity that could probably be inside all of their homes was the radio.24 During the mid-50s the only British channels that people could tune into were those of the government-controlled British Broadcasting Corporation. The BBC basically transmitted what the adults wanted to hear, easy listening, all the way from Vera Lynn to Frankie Laine. Rock ‘n roll music was no way to be broadcasted then. Radio helped to shape the Beatles musical tastes and their sense of humor.25 Sample/Analysis Love Me Do Writer/s: Lennon/McCartney Producer: George Martin CD: Magical Mystery Tour, Track 11 (Parlophone CDP7 48062-2) Yellow Submarine, Track 6 (Parlophone CDP7 46445-2) Yellow Submarine Songtrack, Track 12 (EMI 5 21481-2) Released: 7 July 1967 A Single / Baby Youre A Rich Man Recorded: 14 June 1967, Olympic Sound Studios; 19 June 1967, Abbey Road 3; 23-25 June 1967, Abbey Road 1; the song was aired on the Eurovision program Our World on 25.06.1967 Length: 2:57 Key: G Major Meter: 4/4 (with occasional 3/4) Form: Intro | Verse | Verse | Verse | Refrain | Verse (guitar solo) | Refrain | Verse | Refrain | Refrain | Outro (fade-out) Instrumentation: John Lennon: vocals, harmonica Paul McCartney: vocals, bass George Harrison: acoustic rhythm guitar Ringo Starr: drums, tambourine The form is quite simple perhaps because Paul started composing this when he was very young, probably around 15 or 16. In line with this is the simple plaintive melody and rhythm of the song. The group has started out with simple rhythms, unsophisticated and straightforward lyrics, and themes that are very appealing to the teen audience. The very striking and remarkable feature in the song is the harmonica which John played quite well. The harmonica also added that certain x-factor to the tune and to the song in general. The lyrics were just repeated all throughout the song, which makes it quite short. The vocal aspect of the song appears to be apt for the theme of the song. The lyrics of the song is a simple dedication of a devoted lover to his loved one. The song is not as soft and mellow as Yesterday, but not as hard as Helter Skelter. Compared to the other hits of the Beatles after the release of Love Me Do, this song in particular carried a big significance to the band members because it just signaled that they are now in the recording industry, which they only used to dream of. I Saw Her Standing There Writer/s: Lennon/McCartney Producer: George Martin CD: Magical Mystery Tour, Track 11 (Parlophone CDP7 48062-2) Yellow Submarine, Track 6 (Parlophone CDP7 46445-2) Yellow Submarine Songtrack, Track 12 (EMI 5 21481-2) Released: 7 July 1967 A Single / Baby Youre A Rich Man Recorded: Length: 2:57 Key: G Major Meter: 4/4 (with occasional 3/4) Form: Intro | Verse | Verse | Verse | Refrain | Verse (guitar solo) | Refrain | Verse | Refrain | Refrain | Outro (fade-out) Instrumentation: John Lennon:lead vocals, harpsichord, banjo Paul McCartney: bass George Harrison: violin, lead guitar Ringo Starr: drums, snare drum roll I Saw Her Standing There is one of the boys first fast, hard rockers. The arrangement of this song is filled with techniques and touches unique to the group that defined the early sound of the Beatles. The song narrates a simple boy-meets-girl story in the first person to which the pulsating music lends a definitely hot connotation, in spite of the lack of any explicit passion in the lyrics. They also used a type of wordplay that also became a Beatles trademark. In terms of its form, the song has a comparatively long running time of 2:52 which consists of a 2 bridge model with 2 verses intervening, one of which is for guitar solo. The fast pace of the song enhance a general feeling of urgency. Also, the tune covers a broad range and consists of an entirely interesting mix of step-wise motion with dramatic long-jumps. Each of the members contributed to the over-all excitement in the arrangement of this song. This includes Pauls boogie-woogie bass lines, which outline the chords, Ringo s elaborately syncopated drum fills that appear in the space between sections, the backing work on rhythm and lead guitars that works in fine synergy with the bass and drum parts. Furthermore, the tight vocal harmonies of Paul and John feature a type of counterpoint that seems bracingly different from what was to be heard from their contemporaries. Lastly, the handclaps and the screaming used for background punctuation are unessential yet nevertheless characteristic. The song evokes such a pleasurably exuberant mood and an absence of romantic/emotional complications. Its more of a ‘hip ditty bop noise, as Richard Price puts it, reminding us in perpetuity of the ‘nowness and coolness of being 17 and hip, as well as falling for the first time in what a teenage thinks just might be ‘real love. Although theres an eventually bitter and disappointing side to this experience, the song emphasizes that the sweeter part of it is worth taking with someone for the rest of his life. Just like any of their early period songs, this song contains no profundity in its lyrics. It just implies the usual situation that a teenager faces in terms of love and the opposite sex. It appears to be somewhat a way of expressing a teen feeling about love and the common view of the youth about it at the time. Here, it seemed that the Beatles try to make an impression that they are like the other youngster as to how they view that certain aspect of the teen wo rld. All my Loving Writer/s: Lennon/McCartney Producer: George Martin CD: Magical Mystery Tour, Track 11 (Parlophone CDP7 48062-2) Yellow Submarine, Track 6 (Parlophone CDP7 46445-2) Yellow Submarine Songtrack, Track 12 (EMI 5 21481-2) Released: 7 July 1967 A Single / Baby Youre A Rich Man Recorded: 14 June 1967, Olympic Sound Studios; 19 June 1967, Abbey Road 3; 23-25 June 1967, Abbey Road 1; the song was aired on the Eurovision program Our World on 25.06.1967 Length: 2:57 Key: G Major Meter: 4/4 (with occasional 3/4) Form: Intro | Verse | Verse | Verse | Refrain | Verse (guitar solo) | Refrain | Verse | Refrain | Refrain | Outro (fade-out) Instrumentation: John Lennon: backing vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney: vocals, bass George Harrison: backing vocals, lead guitar Ringo Starr: drums The song is one of the several Beatles songs with somehow superficial lyrics about love and affection. The melody is quite lively though its not as upbeat as IWant to Hold Your Hand and I Saw Her Standing There. There were also some stopgaps in between the stanzas in the song. Evidently, it is one of those songs that characterized the early songwriting and music composition of the Beatles. I Want to Hold Your Hand Writer/s: Lennon/McCartney Producer: George Martin CD: Magical Mystery Tour, Track 11 (Parlophone CDP7 48062-2) Yellow Submarine, Track 6 (Parlophone CDP7 46445-2) Yellow Submarine Songtrack, Track 12 (EMI 5 21481-2) Released: 7 July 1967 A Single / Baby Youre A Rich Man Recorded: 14 June 1967, Olympic Sound Studios; 19 June 1967, Abbey Road 3; 23-25 June 1967, Abbey Road 1; the song was aired on the Eurovision program Our World on 25.06.1967 Length: 2:57 Key: G Major Meter: 4/4 (with occasional 3/4) Form: Intro | Verse | Verse | Verse | Refrain | Verse (guitar solo) | Refrain | Verse | Refrain | Refrain | Outro (fade-out) Instrumentation: John Lennon:lead vocals, harpsichord, banjo Paul McCartney: bass George Harrison: violin, lead guitar Ringo Starr: drums, snare drum roll The song is deceptively straightforward and regular in design. It starts with a falling melody. Also, it sounds closer to conservative pop than rebelliously hard rock. It has the non-intuitive two-part vocal harmony, falsetto screaming, an occasionally novel chord progression, abrupt rhythm even some elided phrasing and the overdubbed handclaps. The original song has no real lead singer or even a clearly defined melody, as Lennon and McCartney sing in harmony with each other. They sing in duet virtually the whole way through. Paul plays quite a bit of double-stops in the bass part, Ringo throws in some of his structurally significant drum fills in between the second and third phrase of each verse, and most subtle of all, George contributes a number of lead guitar fills. It was the youth who discovered the Beatles, and while young people can be easily manipulated through hype and image, in the case of the Beatles it was the music that drew them in. This song is undeniably one of the Beatles all-time hits and in several ways represents the compositional height of what could be called their Very Early period. In context of November 1963, I Want to Hold Your Hand was the best they could do, a kind of summing up of all they had done to-date. It also has a seemingly puppy-love simplicity that does hold up remarkably well like a classic. I Want to Hold Your Hand was not subject to numerous cover versions like other Beatles songs such as Yesterday or Something. Nonetheless, it was one of their greatest hits. Their early songs mostly consist of simple and uncomplicated meanings behind the lyrics that were tailored for the young audience. A Hard Days Night Writer/s: Lennon/McCartney Producer: George Martin CD: Magical Mystery Tour, Track 11 (Parlophone CDP7 48062-2) Yellow Submarine, Track 6 (Parlophone CDP7 46445-2) Yellow Submarine Songtrack, Track 12 (EMI 5 21481-2) Released: 7 July 1967 A Single / Baby Youre A Rich Man Recorded: 14 June 1967, Olympic Sound Studios; 19 June 1967, Abbey Road 3; 23-25 June 1967, Abbey Road 1; the song was aired on the Eurovision program Our World on 25.06.1967 Length: 2:57 Key: G Major Meter: 4/4 (with occasional 3/4) Form: Intro | Verse | Verse | Verse | Refrain | Verse (guitar solo) | Refrain | Verse | Refrain | Refrain | Outro (fade-out) Instrumentation: John Lennon:lead vocals, harpsichord, banjo Paul McCartney: bass George Harrison: violin, lead guitar Ringo Starr: drums, snare drum roll The song has a long form, with two bridges and an instrumental break. It has a deep similarity with typical â€Å"blues† melodic structures which creates a combined style between traditional blues elements and those more recognizable as the Beatles own trademarks. A Hard Days Night is a particularly forward-looking song since it has numerous innovations in the area of harmony and arrangement. It has a generally energetic bustle that appears on its surface. On a subtle level, the very casualness of the discordance between the tunes and chords adds a characterizingly â€Å"slang† flavor to the songs over all music vocabulary. John takes most of the verse as solo and Paul with the bridge. In the chorus, Paul handles the high harmony and John the low harmony. The opening chord has its great effect because of the sudden, crisp attack of the song. The pause that follows the opening chord is an example of how suspense and a sense of rising expectations is created by a change o f pace. The effect has a surprise factor that works well at the beginning of the film or album. The song is parallel in itself since it ends off inexplicably on practically the same chord with which the song began. This also provides some unity to the song generally. Furthermore, it closes with a fade-out which was new to the Beatles at that time since the prior songs had closed with a final chord such as She Loves You and I Want to Hold Your Hand. The lyrics are far from profound. Basically, the song speaks about ones undying devotion to his loved one and how he works hard so she can buy the things she fancies. The singer sings about his tiredness when he comes home from work. But when he sees the things that his lover does, these perk him up. The song was sung on an exuberant mood along with fast paced beats in it. It also incorporated new techniques that the Beatles have not yet done in their earlier songs like Harrisons arpeggio-playing during the fade-out. The simple lyrics cater to a larger audience of young people. This is due to the theme of the song which is about love that gets it across to a lot of young listeners. Furthermore, there is but a few meanings to this song which is usually the characteristic of their early period songs. Perhaps, because their main goal by then is to gain popularity through entertaining a larger portion of music listeners, the kids. Help! Writer/s: Lennon/McCartney Producer: George Martin CD: Magical Mystery Tour, Track 11 (Parlophone CDP7 48062-2) Yellow Submarine, Track 6 (Parlophone CDP7 46445-2) Yellow Submarine Songtrack, Track 12 (EMI 5 21481-2) Released: 7 July 1967 A Single / Baby Youre A Rich Man Recorded: 14 June 1967, Olympic Sound Studios; 19 June 1967, Abbey Road 3; 23-25 June 1967, Abbey Road 1; the song was aired on the Eurovision program Our World on 25.06.1967 Length: 2:57 Key: G Major Meter: 4/4 (with occasional 3/4) Form: Intro | Verse | Verse | Verse | Refrain | Verse (guitar solo) | Refrain | Verse | Refrain | Refrain | Outro (fade-out) Instrumentation: John Lennon:lead vocals, harpsichord, banjo Paul McCartney: bass George Harrison: violin, lead guitar Ringo Starr: drums, snare drum roll The song Help! has a two-part lead vocals and a speeded-up tempo. The final take in the recording session was the best, and onto this Ringo Starr overdubbed a tambourine, and George Harrison added the series of descending Chet Atkins-style guitar notes which close each chorus. One can listen to a couple of complicated, fast riffs in the song which added more pulse to the overall rhythm. The melody, somewhat, counteracted the message of the song of being depressed and disheartened. It was noticeably composed to satisfy their commercial instincts at this time. The lyrics, on the other hand, is somehow repetitive that makes the song a bit short compared to their prior songs. The vocals were solid enough to agree with the harmony of the instruments most notably the tambourine playing at the background. It still definitely has some blues elements incorporated in the song which is most common to the Beatles songs. The songs lyrics seem straightforward and superficial. The lyric that emerged was not simply a boy talking to a girl, but more of a patient to a psychotherapist or just someone seeking help from somebody else or from a mind-altering substance. The song was a marked departure from the boy-girl relationships that they have been talking about in their early songs. On the other hand, the song had commercial appeal, with its fast tempo and lively instrumentation. Here, the group is starting to develop emotional depth and weight in composing their songs. Yesterday Writer/s: Lennon/McCartney Producer: George Martin CD: Magical Mystery Tour, Track 11 (Parlophone CDP7 48062-2) Yellow Submarine, Track 6 (Parlophone CDP7 46445-2) Yellow Submarine Songtrack, Track 12 (EMI 5 21481-2) Released: 7 July 1967 A Single / Baby Youre A Rich Man Recorded: 14 June 1967, Olympic Sound Studios; 19 June 1967, Abbey Road 3; 23-25 June 1967, Abbey Road 1; the song was aired on the Eurovision program Our World on 25.06.1967 Length: 2:57 Key: G Major Meter: 4/4 (with occasional 3/4) Form: Intro | Verse | Verse | Verse | Refrain | Verse (guitar solo) | Refrain | Verse | Refrain | Refrain | Outro (fade-out) Instrumentation: John Lennon:lead vocals, harpsichord, banjo Paul McCartney: bass George Harrison: violin, lead guitar Ringo Starr: drums, snare drum roll Yesterday has a unique arrangement, an attractive tune, even some asymmetrical phrasing and a couple of off-beat chord progressions. It has a tempo that is uncharacteristically slow. The instrumental backing consists entirely of an acoustic guitar and a string quartet (two violins, a viola and a cello) with the two elements mixed. The track is sung solo by Paul virtually all the way through with a particular exception for a short patch of double tracking to highlight the high notes at the end of the first bridge. As with Pauls other hymns, the bass line of this song is played with special emphasis whether through the hard-picked notes on the low-strings of the guitar or supported by the cello. The string arrangement supplements the songs air of sadness, notably the moaning of the cello melody and its blue seventh that connects the two halves of the bridge as well as the descending line by the viola that shifts the chorus back unto the verses. There is an ironic tension between the co ntent of what is played by the quartet and the restrained, spare nature of the medium in which it is played, adding an engaging level of depth to the performance. This is quite different from the fast paced, upbeat songs of the Beatles prior to this one especially because of its soothing, light melodic structure. Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown) Writer/s: Lennon/McCartney Producer: George Martin CD: Rubber Soul, Track 2 (Parlophone CDP7 46440-2) Released: 3 December 1965 Recorded: 12, 21 October 1965, Abbey Road 2 Length: 2:05 Key: E Major Meter: 3/4 (6/8) Form: Verse (instrumental intro) | Verse | Bridge | Verse | Verse (instrumental solo) | Bridge | Verse | Outro (with complete ending) Instrumentation: John Lennon: double tracked lead vocal, 6 12 string acoustic rhythm guitars Paul McCartney: harmony vocal and bass George Harrison: doubletracked sitar Ringo Starr: finger cymbals, tambourine, maracas Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown) is a rhythmic acoustic ballad featuring signature Beatle harmonies in the middle eight. Norwegian wood refers to the cheap pinewood that often finished the interiors of working class British flats. The lyrics speak of an encounter between the singer and an unnamed girl. They drink wine and talk. The speaker may have been hoping to sleep with the girl, declaring its time for bed. But the girl leaves him to crawl off to sleep in the bath alone. Later, the singer finds that the girl has left him for another love, so the singer lights a fire and burns the girls house as an act of revenge. Lighting a fire may also be interpreted as smoking a cigarette or smoking some weed. The instrumental backing is acoustic in style approach. The intro is sixteen measures long. The presentation of the hook phrase consists of the solo acoustic guitar followed by the entrance of the sitar (which then carries the melody) and bass guitar. All the verses follow the pattern set up in the intro. The bridge is also sixteen measures long, and the slowness of the harmonic rhythm helps maintain the measured mood established earlier The outro provides one repeat of the hook. Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown) is the first pop record ever released to feature a sitar (Newman 93). In direct contrast to earlier Beatles songs such as Love Me Do and I Want to Hold Your Hand, Norwegian Wood(This Bird Has Flown)provides a darker outlook towards romantic relationships. The exotic instrumentation and oblique lyrics are indications of the expanding musical vocabulary and experimental approach that the Beatles were rapidly adopting. Yellow Submarine Writer/s: Lennon/McCartney Producer: George Martin CD: Revolver, Track 6 (Parlophone CDP7 46441-2) Yellow Submarine, Track 1 (Parlophone CDP7 46445-2) Yellow Submarine Songtrack, Track 1 (EMI 5 21481-2) Released: 5 August 1966 (Double-A Single / Eleanor Rigby and LP Revolver) Recorded: 26 May 1966, Abbey Road 3; 1 June 1966, Abbey Road 2 Length: 2:38 Key: G Major Meter: 4/4 Form: Verse | Verse | Refrain | Verse | Refrain | Verse (instrumental) | Verse | Refrain Instrumentation: John Lennon: acoustic guitar, blowing bubbles Paul McCartney: bass, acoustic guitar George Harrison: tambourine Ringo Starr: lead vocals, drums