Sorporate unethical behaviour Essay

You have been exposed to several cases of corporate unethical behaviour. Ethical misconduct of senior executives appear to be at the centre of these scandals. In Australia, the James Hardie Industries ‘asbestos’ case has been featured in the media for some time. The company has been accused of causing over half of the number of documented cases of mesothemilia, a lung cancer caused by asbestos. In your in-class essay writing, you are required to do the following. 1. Using utilitarianism, discuss two reasons each in favour of, and against, James Hardie executives’ conduct. 2. As summarised in your week 2 tutorial exercise, reflect in your essay, how your views concerning ‘responsible business’ have been influenced by †¢your research for this assessment task, and †¢by your engagement with the subject matter of COMM101. 3. Referencing and citations: The two references provided below should be used in your essay but are only starting points for your research. On their own, they are not sufficient. A requirement of this assessment task is that you should submit to your tutor, as an attachment to your essay, a list of references consulted whilst preparing for this essay. This list should be cited in your essay and prepared using a word processor and produced via a printer. Ensure you follow the referencing guidelines set out in your subject outline. As a guide, we expect that you should have consulted at least six references (including the two mentioned below) in preparing for this assessment task. 1. Read One Philosopher’s Approach to Business Ethics in your textbook, Shaw et al (2013), pp.105-112. Use the content to develop your essay. 2. Read and use the content from the Australian Securities and Investments Commission’s Decision in James Hardie Penalty Proceedings (Tuesday 13 November 2012), available at http://www.asic.gov.au/asic/asic.nsf/byheadline/12-275MR+Decision+in+James+Hardie+penalty+proceedings?openDocument

Childhood experiences Essay

The quality and type of relationships differ between individuals:some are happy with long term-relationships, others prefer more temporary, less passionate relationships. Some individuals seem ‘lucky in love’, while others seem to struggle to maintain a long term stable relationship. Bowlby (1951) believed that the type of quality of relationship that individuals have with their primary caregivers provides the foundation for adult relationships by forming an internal working model hat acts as a template for all future relationships. This is the Continuity Hypothesis, the belief that similar relationships will occur as an adult. One theory that is thought to affect someones future relationships is the attachment styles a child can develop. These Attachment styles are determined by Mary Ainsworth’s strange situation experiment, where a child is either Secure attachment, Insecure-resistant attachment or Insecure-avoidant attachment type. It is believed attachment style provides children with a set of beliefs about themselves and others and the nature of relationships. The Continuity Hypothesis sees attachment as a main factor as predicting the nature of adult relationships. Therefore, someone who is securely attached as an infant will have similar relationships throughout life. This is Theory is supported by the study of HAZAN & SHAVER (1987). The experiment consisted of a ‘love quiz’ questionnaire that was published in a newspaper. The questions were designed to classify and individual as one of Ainsworth’s attachment type. The questionnaire also included q’s which aimed to assess the pps childhood relationships with their caregivers, and their romantic experiences in their life. Results showed that attachment type that individual had shown as a child was related to how they felt about adult relationships. Showed secure attachment types in childhood were more likely to enjoy secure relationships as an adult. Those with insecure-avoidant found it more hard to trust people in an adult relationship. Those with  insecure-resistant were more likely to feel anxious in adult relationships and find it hard to get as close to them as they wanted. As a result they concluded that relationships formed with parents during childhood affect relationships in adulthood. However this study does have issues with reliability as it is based on self-report data which is subjective. Furthermore the data is also retrospective further reducing reliability of the study. Also because the study relied on volunteer sampling, so the sample they have may not be truly representative of the population. However there are contradicting results in experiments done on the effect of attachment type on adult relationships as STEELE et al. (1998) found a small correlation of 0.17 between having a secure attachment type in childhood and early adulthood. This is also true for the study of RUTTER et al. (1999) who reported that individuals without secure attachments to their parents went on to secure stable relationships contradicting the findings of HAZAN & SHAVER. It is also believed that interaction with peers during childhood also influences later adult relationships. Peers become more influential as children progress into adulthood, playing a significant role in individuals becoming independent adults, helping develop social skills including those needed for adult relationships. GARNETT(2007) suggests that friendships during childhood give opportunities to develop skills needed to form successful adult relationships including: how to resolve conflict and how to take on different roles needed in relationships. COLLINS VAN DULMAN (2006) supports this theory and also suggests that relationships with peers give individuals the opportunity to learn behaviours and expectations involved in adult relationships. Supporting the idea that experiences during childhood and adolescence influence the quality of adult relationships. However some believed that it is difficult to measure the impact of a childs peer relationships on adult relationships, as there is a need to differentiate between having friends, who the friends are and the quality of each of the relationships, making it hard to identify the direct influence each of these factors has on quality of adult relationships. Furthermore it is thought that children who have witnessed unstable relationships between their parents and others around them will be influenced by this and thus influences their adult relationships. Studies have shown that people who experienced parental divorce during childhood have more negative attitudes towards relationships than those who didn’t experience parental divorce. These negative attitudes include being less optimistic about having a successful relationship, feeling less trustful of partners, having more favourable attitudes towards divorce and more negative attitude towards marriage. SILVESTRI (1991) supports this notion as he found that having divorced parents significantly increased an individuals own chances of getting divorced. JOHNSTON and THOMAS provide an explanation for this suggesting that this could be because individuals model their behaviour on their parents behaviours. Linking back to bowlbys theory that children form an internal working model as to how relationships should be whilst not only being in a dysfunctional relationship themselves but observing these dysfunctional relationships too. However this theory cannot be generalised to the entire population as there are a large amount of people who experience divorce during childhood but still go on to have successful adult relationships. Thus proving that their must be many other factors that can influence the long term effects. Also research into this area of how divorce effects a child’s adult relationships can be used to minimise the effect of divorce on children. To conclude it seems that there is sufficient evidence to support bowlbys theory that early childhood experiences both being involved in relationships and observations of parents to does to some extent play a role in affecting their adult relationships. However due to the causal nature of much of the studies related to this area means that it can be difficult to establish what the true cause and effects are of early childhood experiences or whether it is other factors that are contributing to this, supported by the contradicting results of many studies in this area. Furthermore attachment theories are somewhat deterministic, perceiving childhood/peer attachments as causing later adult relationships. However it is likely that other factors are influential such as the different attachment types other people  bring to the relationship. e.g if a insecurely attached person can have a secure relationship if they are in a relationship with a securely attached person.

HW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

HW - Essay Example The body system is mostly affected by the long-term consumption of the alcohol. The system respond negatively to the ingested substances which is abused or largely taken into the system and has these sides effects to the users; fatty liver, gastritis, pancreatitis, ulcer diseases, chronic active hepatitis and alcohol hepatitis. Most of the students find themselves addicted into alcoholism and the other narcotic drugs such as the bhang and cocaine. This narcotic leads to hallucination and poor judgment of the users of the hard drugs (Kane, 2011). It is also seen that addiction is part of the bio psychosocial model in that it has multiple ways or procedure of treating the whole individual not taking part of rehabilitation from the drugs but also the transformation of individual’s behavior. The addiction of each and every person is not determining emotions, social, cultural or physical factors but it is mostly influenced by the biological factors which will determines drinking and the addiction. This includes the genetics as the general exposure to drugs and alcohol (Miller, 2011). The enabler is an individual who catalyze an addict to continue with his self-destructive behavior. He encourages the addict to through criticizing or rescuing him/her. While on the other hand codependency is the relationship in which one of the parties of both allows each other to act in maladaptive ways. The two characteristics gives the relationship that is irrational to the thoughts and the behavior of the individuals thus they can’t judge what is right or wrong. Hence, a person who is in the field of health and wellness has these features as he seeks to have control over the situation. He also influences the people around him by controlling on what to be done (Kane, 2011). The addicts will continue with their behavior in the presence of their sound family or friends because there will be fear of losing them. They tend to protect

What factors influenced the evolution of Nazi racial policy from Essay

What factors influenced the evolution of Nazi racial policy from 1933-1939 - Essay Example The racial policies of Nazi targeted peoples,  specifically the Jews, as well as the  Gypsies, handicapped and homosexual people. The Nazi racial policy consisted of two components: eugenics and racial extermination. The Nazis therefore attempted to keep their â€Å"race† free from illnesses and abnormalities (eugenics) and keep Aryan race sealed to other †inferior† races.  The eugenics factor saw the Nazis initiate a forced sterilization of hereditary ill and performed euthanasia (emergency killings) to nearly 200,000 physically and mentally disabled Germans.   The other component of the racial policy, racial extermination, was initiated so as to persecute and suppress all non-Aryans, starting with the Jews. However, the gypsies were also incorporated in this melancholic form of â€Å"apartheid†. The belief was that non-Aryans created danger against the German blood as well as the German Volksgemeinschaft (‘people’s community’). The policy also included laws of racial expulsion: the Jews were compelled to emigrate. The fact that this policy was so much successful in Austria in 1938 saw it introduced inside Germany under the motto: Germany for Germans! The eventual leader of the party, Adolf Hitler, was appointed the Chancellor of Germany, in 19933, by President Paul von Hindenburg. Hitler quickly established a totalitarian regime referred to as the Third Reich, and under this the party gained nearly unlimited power. Nazi philosophy emphasized the racial purity of German people. It persecuted those it viewed as either enemies or Lebensunwertes Leben, meaning "life unworthy of life". This consisted the Jews, Roma, Arabs, Slavs, Africans and h77omosexuals together with Jehovahs Witnesses, the physically and/ or mentally disabled, socialists as well as communists. To execute these beliefs, this party and German state that it

Law and the Constitution in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Law and the Constitution in Canada - Essay Example In Canada, AG v. Canada Temperance Federation [1946] AC193, 2 DLR, provided for an exemplary display of judicial independence. During the case, the conflict to be resolved was a court suit challenging the Canadian Federation Act (CFA) was valid. In the ruling, the court declined the validity of the CFA1. The issue that brought conflict was the constitutionality of the Canadian Temperance Act. The concern of Peace, order, Good and Governance (POGG) became known. During the 4-2 majority ruling, the court further affirmed that the Act was within the legislative constitutionality competence of the parliament. Secondly, Johannesson v West St. Paul 1952 (SCC) portrayed judicial independence as an important recipe in restoring order to Municipality Acts2. During the case, the plaintiff argued that he wanted a designated place for his aerodromes. Under the Municipality Act had prohibited his aerodromes because of the noise they generate. However, the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) by majority ruled that the issue was of a national importance and was within exclusive jurisdiction of the federal government under the POGG3. In addition, Russell v The Queen had declared the Canadian Temperance Act as constitutional when it was challenged at the SCC. Moreover, during the R. v. Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd [1988] 1 S.C.R. 401, the SCC upheld the validity of the Ocean Dumping Act that today, form part of Canadian Environment Protection Act4. Despite coming to sharp criticism, the SCC and judicial independence have transcended the Canadian judicial system as the answer to conflicting definition and jurisdiction of the federal and provincial

Federal law enforcement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Federal law enforcement - Essay Example he study is to be able to present the actions and improvements in security measures that are done by the different bureaus that are in charge of the law enforcement in the United States concentrating mainly in the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United States Secret Service and the Central Intelligence Agency. In the United States, it can be observed that the law enforcement is dependent on the jurisdictions of the different groups that are responsible for implementing the laws that can be classified on the basis of the locality, the state and national concerns. In the study undertaken which is directed to the attack in the World Trade Center, being a national and international concern, the major law enforcers of the US are put into focus and scrutiny. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United States Secret Service and the Central Intelligence Agency are the main groups that are responsible for keeping the American land and the population residing in its territory safe and free from harm specifically terrorism. In the event of such tragedy, the sufficiency of the actions and measures that are undertaken to fight crimes such law enforcement groups is in question. For that matter, a study on the actions undertaken to improve the security implemented is in need not only to determine the efficiency of the said groups but to improve the confidence of the population. The specific functions and actions on the improvement of the said bureaus are then the main issue explored in the study. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is one of the most important divisions in the US Federal Government with the main mission to uphold the law and protect the people from different types of threats. For that matter, it is considered as one of the main responsible authorities in the September 11 World Trade Center attack due to the expressed priority of the said group to protect the United States from attacks of the terrorists (â€Å"Quick Fact† FBI). Based on the study

Cause and Effect essay (Only on CAUSE) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cause and Effect (Only on CAUSE) - Essay Example The impact of the rise in fees is seen in the increase in the number of students requesting financial aid or seeking student loans. The hike has begun to put college education nearly out of the reach of a vast majority of middle-class Americans. This means that a lot of the students have to make do with only a high school education, which reduces their job market considerably. A lot of teenagers, especially colored males, find themselves unemployed because of lack of proper qualifications. A large segment of graduates who do find jobs are overwhelmed by the debts incurred as cost of education, and to avoid this situation they try to seek jobs during their education. Since unemployment rates take into account the number of people actively seeking jobs, these students get bracketed as unemployed and not merely as students, raising the count of the unemployed. For those who pass out of the American educational system with a high academic degree, the news is not very good either, and this brings us to our second reason behind the rising rates of unemployment in the United States. Technology has made the world increasingly globalised: the internet has dramatically shrunk distances. Boston and Bangalore are now neighbors, and the level of competition for jobs and businesses is higher than ever before. Places like Bangalore in India, for instance, have a large number of English speaking populace, and the professions of being a doctor and engineer are eagerly sought after. The time in India is exactly the complement of that in the United States; night time in America is day time in India. This means that American businesses can send work down to India at the end of the day, and have it done by morning. This ideal combination of the right education and the time difference has turned India into a prime destination for assignments in the medical and engineering field, making the employment of

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 22

Case Study Example CRO business has seemed to become very popular in aiding with FDA approval. FDA approval is not something that is easily achieved. Before drugs are able to become available on the market, they must go through hundreds of tests. These tests ensure that the drug is safe. Safety of the drug is important for the lives of those using the drugs and the company’s and CRO’s creating and testing the drug. In order for these CRO businesses to become successful, the firm’s name has to achieve a good reputation and maintain a level of standard that other companies would recommend. Kendle has become a company that is recommended. Kendle is doing well for the American market. The American market has allowed Kendle to make it to its full potential. Full potential for a business, in regards to Kendle, can be defined as a business’s achieving the maximum amount of clients for a market. This meant that as stated in the case, Kendle had to sell, grow or disappear. This was a very accurate explanation as to what had to be done. The firm could not just stay how it was. Something had to be done in order for the firm to remain competitive over other similar businesses. Kendle faces many strategic choices. In order to survive Kendle must either decide to do one of three things. The first strategic choice that Kendle can make is to grow and expand the firm. Growing the firm means expanding to other areas and possibly merging or buying out other companies. This choice is perfect if the firm wants to expand and keep the firm going. The second strategic choice is to sell the company. Selling the company will likely be a lengthy process that will include lots of negotiating. Selling means that the original founders will have to find a seller that is willing to purchase for the right amount. This also means that a selling price will have to be decided. In order to decide a selling price the firm will need to find out what the company is worth and decide whether or

HEALTH , SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS Essay

HEALTH , SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS - Essay Example Although this decision might have been informed from the principle of Best Available Techniques Not Entailing Excessive Cost (BATNEEC), it is noteworthy that this concept carries with it potential environmental impacts in all their forms. In terms of emissions, the company is likely to emit toxic or harmful gases as by products in the overall process of manufacturing the various detergents. This is attributed to the fact that the company has opted to integrate both automated mode of production and manual one in which case there is bound to an increase in the air pollution when using the latter. As is outlined by Environmental Protection Act 1990 and 1995, this company is therefore tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that its production activities do not interfere with the overall air quality according to RTPI, (2002). In this regard, the best practicable environmental option is through the use of appropriate technology which reduces the emission of any toxic gases to its bordering community. In particular there is the danger of Sulphur dioxide being released since the company uses Sulphate as one of the ingredients for making its detergents. This is also enshrined in the aforementioned acts based on the princi ple of producer responsibility. On the other hand, the company structures have a negative visual impact owing to their height with its effects on the aviation industry. With respect to the issue of water discharge options, Thomas Hedley Company shall have integrated its water disposal into the city’s sewage system. However, the company shall be tasked with the responsibility of treating its effluents before they are discharged into the city’s sewage disposal system. The other feasible option available to this company is the option of recycling its waste water for use in the production process. The third option available to this firm

Climate Change Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Climate Change Article - Essay Example In so doing, the media is able to punch holes to the ‘facts’ about climate change. However, through research and climate studies, the effects of climate change have been evident, this means more sensitization is required based on appeal to their reasoning and logic. There are many facts that have been put forth by scientists concerning the status of climate change across the world. Clearly, one can be able to identify some of the effects of climate change. In a debate with CNN hosts during an interview, Bill Nye highlighted that scientific facts have clearly shown that the menace of climate change and the subsequent global warming is a reality. However, it seems that the media has heavily relied on the statistics that they think emanate from the American citizens. While the citizens may be wrong, it is clear that the sensitization on the detrimental effects of climate change has not reached the Americans or they are not convinced by the scientist’s prepositions. Public awareness of facts on climate change is not tantamount to the inexistence of the facts. CNN hosts relied on research that only shows the state of public awareness and perception. This is a biased view because individuals are not able to understand the scenario during the old days; scientists are able to create a scenario where the past and the present are used to predict the future. Therefore, making a conclusion that climate change is not a major issue is not ideally correct. Bill Nye is also shadow in the presentation of the scientific facts. While the CNN hosts are able to point to statistics about climate change based on the Americans’ perceptions, Bill is obliged to support his climate change advocacy with facts. The reason why facts should be used is because they are able to appeal to the logic of the hosts and the viewers. In so doing, the viewers and hosts can be able to

Chinese Giant Salamander Essay Example for Free

Chinese Giant Salamander Essay 1. What role does your species have in its ecosystem? Shallow mountain streams are home to the rare and shy Chinese giant salamander, where it has many roles within its ecosystem. It is a symbol of a healthy freshwater ecosystem that humans and other animals depend on (McNeil, 2010). The Chinese Giant Salamander is a key component of the food chain as both prey and predator. Salamanders eat many invertebrates, making sure that the rivers and streams do not become over populated (Mcneil, 2010). The Chinese Giant Salamander’s ecological role is to provide aquatic animals with food when they are young and as the salamanders grow up they become the predators and feed on the aquatic animals that once fed on them; this has a positive effect on the ecosystem keeping the balance of species populations. The Chinese Giant Salamander also ensures that within its ecosystem there is great biodiversity (Qiang, 2009). Without the Chinese Giant Salamanders the ecosystems in the mountainous regions of China would be unbalanced. These salamanders have an important role in showing the vast biodiversity in China and Japan and losing them decreases biodiversity. Amphibians in general are often referred to as â€Å"indicator† species, species that indicate environmental change and vital aspects of safe water (Qiang, 2009).On land, the amphibian serves a purpose of indicating whether the environment is healthy or not. The salamanders do this by breathing through the pores in their skin (McNeil, 2010). The Chinese Giant Salamander also belongs to the flesh-eaters, which is an important species for the freshwater ecosystems of mountainous areas, playing an important ecological role in maintaining the balance of freshwater ecosystems of mountainous areas (Qiang, 2009). Most of the rivers where the giant salamanders live have becomes very polluted forcing the animals to migrate downstream to breed. Many of them die on their journey downstream or never end up finding clean and safe water to lay their eggs. The ones that do find safe water lay their eggs and decide to return, have trouble getting back as dams have been built or roads running straight through their path. The Chinese Giant Salamander has important significance in discussing evolution of vertebrate from aquatic animal to terrestrial animal as it is a species that lived in the same period with dinosaur, and continuing to survive until now, it is called as â€Å"living fossil† (McNeil, 2010). Not much is known about t he salamander when it lived with the dinosaurs, as that information in still being found out today. The Chinese Giant Salamander is just one example of the many amphibians that are vanishing quickly of the face of this earth. Without the amphibians less and less will be known about the health of the environment. This species is very important to not only surrounding animals in their ecosystem but also to humans as the salamanders are telling us that it is time to change our ways because if not, they will die out. The Chinese Giant Salamander shows that whatever wiped out the dinosaurs wasn’t strong enough to kill off all the giant salamanders. 2. What, if any efforts are being made to preserve your species outside of its natural habitat? The Chinese giant salamander is listed on Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). Appendix I states that trade in specimens species threatened with extinction, is permitted only in exceptional circumstances (Amphibian Species Information: Chinese Giant Salamander). Unfortunately, although CITES regulate s international trade in the species, it has no jurisdiction over the domestic trade within China which constitutes the primary market. The salamander is also listed as a Class II State Major Protected Wildlife Species in China (Amphibian Species Information: Chinese Giant Salamander). This plan is to protect the habitat of the Chinese Giant Salamander. While it does state that the habitat will be preserved to the best extent, many people break this law as they cut down trees to build houses. The Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander Nature Reserve is one of the largest reserves offered to the salamanders (Qiang, 2009). China has already set up 22 nature reserves to protect the endangered species. These reserves aim to protect not only the animal itself but also its habitat (Creating a Future for Wild Chinese Salamanders). There are a few organizations that go out and clear the rivers of pollution. There are currently six â€Å"Giant Salamander Reserves† in China that are trying to restore the salamanders’ population. Unfortunately, all of these reserves are affected by a shortage of funding and employees, lacking a conservation action plan, poaching, uncertain reserve status, and a lack of protection for salamander habitat. Currently the Chinese Giant Salamander has no recovery plan, but hopefully soon one will be created. 3. What else could/should be done in your opinion? Chinese Giant Salamanders are seriously misunderstood animals. Even though they are not so attractive as one might think, there is no excuse to destroy their habitats and hunt them to extinction. Many of them are being captured for illegal pets and they are being hunted for their meat which is considered a delicacy in China. Because their meat is rare it is profitable and expensive, making an easy income for poor hunters with large families to feed. Many hunters of the Chinese Giant Salamander spread pesticides into the rivers and streams in order to get the one animal. This creates not only an inhabitable environment for the salamanders but also all the other wildlife that come to those rivers and streams. This pollution also creates unsafe drinking water in some areas as the toxins are carried downstream. In 2004 there were 3200 larvae of Chinese Giant Salamanders, but in 2009 there were zero (Qian, 2009). This shows the enormous impact of pollution in the streams where the salamanders live. They are also hunted for their medicinal uses. In addition to be ing hunted, Chinese Giant Salamanders are threatened by habitat defragmentation, as China becomes grossly populated and more houses are built. It would be helpful to organize more environmental education to encourage pride in this species as it shows China’s vast biodiversity. It would be helpful to provide better wildlife preserves for these animals. The establishment of a Chinese giant salamander education center in an area of this species’ range, with a captive breeding facility to provide individuals for a reintroduction program, could provide a much-needed focus for active conservation and monitoring of this species (Qiang, 2009). More organizations and funding should be provided to support the natural reserves protecting these species habitats. Stricter laws and punishment for the hunting of this animal would also ensure the species’ population to grow. 4. From an environmental perspective, why should your animal be saved? With the absence of the Chinese Giant Salamander, we will lack another natural indicator of whether ecosystems are clean and safe. It is important to know that all amphibians, not just Chinese Giant Salamanders are indicator species. But recent studies have shown that many amphibians are becoming more and more extinct. These species not only provided indicators of the environment but they als o are species that were around when the dinosaurs were here and provide a resource for more research (Thomas, 2010). This species eats all the invertebrates that can easily overpopulate an area. Without the Chinese Giant Salamanders mountainous rivers and streams will become overpopulated by many invertebrates and soon exceed the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. Threatened by factors such as habitat loss, disease, climate change, pollution, and invasive species and over hunting, this species faces challenges that could draw millions of years of survival to an abrupt close if nothing is done (Thomas, 2010). These species react very quickly to environmental change and are able to give a clear response to this change, whether it’s beneficial or detrimental.Their contribution to both traditional and modern medicine has been invaluable as many species have been found to secrete and contain therapeutic compounds that can be used in the treatment of HIV, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, strokes and depression (Meredith, 2010). These large animals need to be saved to ensure the health of the mountainous ecosystems. Without the Chinese Giant Salamander, we will have lost an indicator species, an evolutionary key species, and a valuable medicinal recipe holder.

Latest Technologies in Industries

Latest Technologies in Industries 1. Paint Color Mixing Mixing additive secondary colors which is used to create a variety of colors when painting. Several years before, the mixing of paints to get desired colors is achieved only by hands which was very difficult in getting absolute color combinations when there was a deficiency of quantity of paints during painting. But with the expansion of computer technologies the painting industry is perhaps one that not many would associate straight away with such development but nonetheless one that has been able to adapt with the changes and utilize technology at various stages starting from the factories until the place of purchase. The benefits of technologies do not just benefit the producers but also the business partners, dealers and ultimately the end users. Especially because the computer technology helps in mixing of colors accurately by measuring as percentages which leads to achieve the exact color coding needed at any time with the help of paint assortment process using the Dealer Tinting System (DTS). Instead of stocking numerous shades of various paints, the dealer needs only to stock the base paints and colorants, and by using the machine can match any tone from the shade card on demand by the customer, can mix and produce any color tone from the shade card instantly. It is a convenient asset for the dealer as it ensures they avoid the stock piling of unnecessary products. And the use of computerized technology at the place of purchasing paints has revolutionized the way individuals purchase goods, a slow and labor intensive process today is finalized within a matter of minutes. Latest technologies: Carbon black nanotube pigment, Ice-repellent coatings, Robust super hydrophobic coatings and use of paint which could generate power. 2. Wheel Alignment Alignment refers to an adjustment of a vehicles suspension. The system that connects a vehicle to its wheels. It is not an adjustment of the tires or wheels themselves but adjusting the angles of the tires which affects how they make contact with the road. In contrast to aligning wheels with the help of robes in past, nowadays the new Wheel Alignment System provides unsurpassed features such as fast, accurate and built-to-last, and benefits that make the alignment system unique in the market today. The accuracy, repeatability and quality of new alignment system with precise alignment readings in only two minutes using sensors, an array of software productivity enhancers and a comprehensive vehicle data base with frequent updates, and is specifically designed to make shops more successful and profitable, quick and efficient. The new wheel alignment system has advantages such as fast, accurate readings and less waiting for measurements, fully featured hardware refers features like drive through design, wireless communication, automatic camera tracking and high mobility, Software Productivity Enhancers means features like automated caster sweep, 3D animations, rolling radius and cross diagonal measurement and optional features include clamps that only engage the tire, eliminating the possibility for damage to the rim provides more functionality, superior service and an extensive shop solutions and more alignments. Latest technologies: Computerized vehicle assembling, controlling vehicles using mobile applications, Diagnosis of vehicle repairs using computer systems, Smart key Voice recognization systems and Vehicle position tracking GPS enabled drive. 3. Astronomy Industry Astronomy is the branch of science deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. Computer technologies have been central to advances in astronomy and will play more important role in analyzing complex phenomena in the next decade. Earlier, roughly half the cycles of maniac computer were devoted to first stellar evolution codes. Then, advanced computers allowed the first detailed models of supernova explosions. In 1970s, the Observatory x-ray telescope and large array of radio telescopes created images using computers as intermediaries between the telescope and the observer. Then, microcomputers came into use for the control of data acquisition at telescopes, theoretical simulations were extended to a wide variety of complex astrophysical phenomena. Now, astronomers apply powerful computer technologies to obtain, process, and interpret the data from ground-and space-based observatories. Astronomy of its dependence on large quantities of data and its past experience and future goals, will be the leader in important aspects of a national program in high-performance computing. Exciting developments in astronomy can occur as a result of enhancements in computing strategies, techniques, or power. Workstations are included in grants program, supercomputing support is provided directly to the supercomputing centers, and computers to perform the first stage of data reduction. Latest technologies: Data acquisition and processing, Data reduction and analysis, Archiving and Theoretical astrophysics. 4. News Media Industry News media is defined as an umbrella term for all the sources and presentation of news and information, including: TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, web pages and blogs. An example of the news media is any outlet where a reporters story could be printed or spoken. In very early stage, newspapers are the only media between journalists the society which consisted of heavy paper work acted as a challenge especially in daily newspapers that needed to print the latest news in the overnight to publish on next day. Then the invention of radio TV achieves audio video transition of news. Even though these are somewhat advanced, people can get the news on the specific time frame. All those deficits have been overcome by the web based news and media portals. By using this we can access 24 x 7 independently. Also. people can go through updated news and subscribe free e-newspapers at any time anywhere. E- newspapers are ecofriendly helps to green evolution. Latest technologies: Live video streaming, Online news portals, Social media interactions, Readers forum sections

HACCP Implementation In Hotel Restaurant

HACCP Implementation In Hotel Restaurant The author has selected this topic because of his interest in a future career in food and beverage industry. Part A has showed that he has good leadership and team building skills to become a leader in this filed. He feels that it would be imperative to have good understanding of food safety if he would like to be a chef after graduated from the university. In Hong Kong, there are great proportion of people went out to have their meal. According to Hong Kong centre for health protection (CHP, 2007) the number of people eating out more than five times a week are 30.2% for breakfast, 51.5% for lunch and 10.8% for dinner respectively. Having such culture of eating out, food safety should be considered as the first priority in the hospitality industry in Hong Kong, however, in recent years, food poisoning is continually increasing. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007), the global incidence of food-borne diseases is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported that in 2005 alone 1.8 million people died from diarrhoeal diseases. A great proportion of these cases can be attributed to contamination of food and drinking water. In industrialized countries, the percentage of the population suffering from food-borne diseases each year has been reported to be up to 30%. In addition, contaminated food could result from improper food handling, preparation, or food storage. Although HACCP is an internationally recognized food safety management system, there are great barriers to implement such system in the hospitality industry Academic objectives of project This paper aims to achieve the following objectives: 1. To gain understanding of HACCP and its implementation in Hospitality industry. 2. To compare current academic literature on the food safety issues. 3. To identify the barriers of implementing HACCP system in Hospitality industry. 4. To identify the ways to strengthening the food safety culture within the Hospitality organization rather than focusing on creating a better safety system. Outline of sections The literature review will be divided into four parts. The fist part is about the introduction of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point System (HACCP), including this definition and its implementation. The second part is about the barriers of implementing HACCP system in Hospitality industry e.g. practical and psychological barriers. The third part is about the organizational culture which included its definition and connection between HACCP implementation. The final part is the ways to strengthening the food safety culture. It is because having a positive food safety culture within the organization is more reliable that strictly follow the food safety management system such as HACCP. Literature Review Introduction According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007) Food-borne diseases or Food poisoning seem to have been increasing globally in recent years. Food poisoning can be broadly defined as the illness caused by the consumption of contaminated food or water containing various bacteria, viruses, parasites or even toxins of biochemical or chemical nature. The types of foods produced or served by a business along with the management of how they are prepared or produced are likely to contribute to the risk of a business causing food poisoning. (Griffith, 2010) Although, there are food safety management system such as Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), the implementation of the HACCP system requires additional resources for staff training, investments on buildings and equipment, extra purchase of supplies, as well as technical support furthermore, within a business a number of sub cultures compete for priority and often the biggest rival to food safety culture is a culture of saving money (Griffith et al., 2010). The drive to cut costs at the expense of food safety maybe false economy and it should be noted that businesses identified as a source of food poisoning outbreaks can suffer significant damage to brand identity, financial losses and possibly, in up to a third of cases, bankruptcy (Griffith et al., 2010). What is HACCP? According to a recent study (Taylor, 2008)The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system is a science-based systematic approach which identifies critical control points in the production procedure that are essential to monitor and control product safety. HACCP is a tool to assess hazards and establish control systems that focus on prevention rather than relying on end-product testing. The system can be applied throughout the food chain from primary production to final consumption, including primary producers, food manufacturers, transport and storage operators to retail and food service outlets. The implementation of HACCP system is a sign for delivering safe food products to customers. HACCP is an internationally recognized system and is built on seven key principles: 1. Hazard Analysis: Potential biological, chemical and physical hazards must be evaluated for each ingredient and at each step of the manufacturing process. 2. Identify Critical Control Points: Those points in the process where control can be applied to eliminate or reduce an identified hazard to an acceptable level. 3. Establish Critical Limits: Defined as the maximum or minimum parameter that must be met to eliminate or reduce the hazard to an acceptable limit. 4. Establish Monitoring Requirements: Used to assess whether the critical limits are met and to establish records for verification. 5: Establish Corrective Actions: The actions taken to bring a CCP back under control and the steps taken to prevent further contamination of the product as well as the steps taken to prevent the distribution of potentially contaminated product. 6: Establish Verification Procedures: Verification assures the plan is effectively implemented and followed. 7: Establish Record Keeping and Documentation Procedures: Includes record retention of types of records kept such as the hazard analysis, the HACCP plan, support documentation and operational records. By focussing inspection at CCPs, HACCP improves the scientific basis for safety and control processes. A CCP is any point in the chain of food production from raw materials to finished product where the loss of control could result in unacceptable food safety risk (Pierson and Corlett, 1992). Monitoring of CCPs is done best by using indicators that can be measured easily. This focus on measurable indicators provides a more cost-effective approach to control than product sampling and testing, which is more expensive and may not provide timely results. This is especially important for foodborne microbial pathogens, because their incidence is low and the costs of testing are high. It is important to recognise that HACCP is not designed to replace management decisions weighing potential benefits from product qualities against costs, or the value of improved safety versus the costs of achieving it. HAC CP facilitates improved product safety, but management has the discretion to determine what the final product quality will be. These issues enter into the firms deliberations in determining CCPs and tolerance limits at CCPs. (The economic) HACCP was originally developed as a quality control tool in food processing, where branded product liability creates industry incentives for hazard control. It was intended to be flexible enough to adapt to different firms, plants, or processes within plants. Its application as a regulatory standard to an entire industry or sector, or at different stages in the supply chain, is necessarily different. (Unnevehr and Jensen 1999), Why is HACCP important? The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a food safety management system that is currently promoted internationally because it enables food business operators to control food safety risks at all points along the production line, rather than waiting for microbiological testing of the final product (Tuominen et al., 2003). It regarded as the most effective way to achieve food safety is to focus on prevention of possible hazards and to improve the process (Swanson and Anderson, 2000;) The HACCP system also relies heavily on verification and documentation to ensure that food safety has not been compromised during any step. HACCP therefore provides a structure for assessing risks. HACCP therefore provides a structure for assessing risks or whatever could go wrong and putting the requisite controls in place to minimize such risks. (Stephaniem et al.,2009) The advantage of HACCP based systems is that they can be designed to include all different types of foods, their raw materials (whatever their source) and associated hazards. (Griffith, 2010) (Semos and Kontogeorgos, 2007) denoted that the implementation of the HACCP system to food processing can result in benefits to industry, government and consumers, promoting, in this way, a potential improvement of food safety and prevention of food poisoning. HACCP focus on measurable indicators provides a more cost-effective approach to control than product sampling and testing, which is more expensive and may not provide timely results. This is especially important for food-borne microbial pathogens, because their incidence is low and the costs of testing are high. Requirement of implementing the HACCP system in hospitality industry Before HACCP can be implemented, prerequisite programs (PRPs) such as good hygienic practices, staff training, and documented standard operating procedure should be well established. HACCPs effectiveness relies on the knowledge and skills of both management and staff. (Taylor, 2008), pointed out that the most important factor driving the implementation of HACCP is the employment of experienced, technically qualified persons. While flexibility appropriate to the business is important, all seven principles must be applied in the HACCP system. This takes into account the nature and size of the operation, including the human and financial resources, infrastructure, processes, knowledge, and practical constraints. The seven principles can be applied in businesses regardless of size and the nature of the operations. (Semos and Kontogeorgos, 2007) Implementation of the HACCP system requires additional resources for staff training, investments on buildings and equipment, extra purchase of supplies, as well as technical support furthermore, managers or businesses should provide adequate and appropriate facilities for food handlers to be hygienic and this can influence their perceived behavioral control. (Griffith, 2000) The efficacy of the system relies heavily on the relevant HACCP knowledge and skills, management commitment, and understanding of HACCP along with changes in attitude and organizational culture all requiring adequate training to overcome barriers related to human resources. (Adams, 2000) Considering the results as a whole, staff training was the cost with the highest mean score indicating that this cost during the development and implementation of the HACCP system was the most important cost. The second most important cost was the investments in new equipment. As has previously been mentioned, the majority of the respondents have used an external consultant to develop and implement the HACCP system in their company. Thus, it is not surprising that the cost of the external consultant is rated as the third most important cost. (Semos and Kontogeorgos, 2007) The cost of a HACCP system for most industries depends not only on the requirements of the system, but also on the improvement of the current status of food safety-related practices in the company. Considering the cost of HACCP systems, it is important to take into account the firms long-term savings derived by a potential decrease in recalling contaminated food products (Taylor, 2001). A food handlers knowledge of food safety is critical they cannot behave hygienically if they do not know how to behave and why. This has led to increased emphasis on training; however, knowledge of food safety/hygiene does not always translate into implementation of food safety practices. Training provides people with the knowledge allowing them to handle food safety when they are motivated to be hygienic (Griffith, 2010). What are the barriers in implementing the HACCP system in hospitality industry? Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is an internationally recognised system of managing food safety (Codex, 2003) and its use is advocated in the hospitality industry. Griffith (2000) stated that one of the major problems regarding the effective implementation of HACCP is that employees in food industry often lack interest and they often have a negative attitude toward the food safety programmes. Taylor and Taylor (2004) found that the main barriers that hindered the effective HACCP implementation were due to HACCP being considered as difficult, burdensome and unnecessary. They explained that the interplay of barriers at knowledge, attitude and behavioral levels could account for the problems in effective HACCP implementation. The generated working definitions for the general barrier categories included: knowledge as a body of acquired facts; attitude as mental reaction to knowledge; and behaviour as the action taken as a result of knowledge acquisition and attitude development. Subcategories of these general barriers included awareness, familiarity and comprehension for knowledge while the subcategories for attitude major barrier comprised of agreement and commitment. Adoption and adherence were the subcategories for the last major barrier, behaviour (Barriers of HACCP team members) Furthermore, those barriers separated into two types which are practical and psychological. (Taylor, 2008) stated that there is an overwhelming range of practical and psychological barriers to the HACCP implementation in hospitality industry (Taylor et al., 2008). The practical barriers in implementing the HACCP system in hospitality industry (haccp chef) Although HACCP is an internationally recognized food safety management system, there are great barriers to implement such system in the hospitality industry. Studies have shown that the major problems identified in the Hospitality industry were: lack of knowledge, training problems, high staff turnover, large variety of products, variation in potential demand and large numbers of part-time workers (Ward, 2001) Lack of appropriate facilities has been cited as a barrier to implementation of good hygiene (Clayton et al., 2002). However even more highly cited was lack of time to be hygienic and this is likely to be even more important in food service or catering than in manufacturing. The former work to order, with customers seeking prompt service, potentially facing food handlers whilst in manufacturing businesses usually work to stock. Improving a business shift patterns and staff numbers has helped to significantly improve hygiene implementation. Managers or businesses may say that this costs too much money and this attitude directly links to the business organizational food safety culture. (Griffith, 2010) Eves and Dervisi (2005) noted that when HACCP is not properly implemented it is due to time-related constraints and mostly due to the large amount of documentation required. Bas et al. (2007) and Panisello and Quantick (2001) stated that the volume of the paperwork required is a factor that hinders the HACCP effectiveness, while Taylor and Kane (2005) and Taylor (2001) refer to difficulties or lack of validation and verification procedures. Aggelogiannopoulos et al. (2007) also mentioned some other internal barriers in implementing the quality system such as the lack of financial resources, lack of personnel, human resource limitations (insufficient skills or qualifications), time restrictions because of the short operating horizon of the business, resistance of higher-level executives to change and resistance of employees to change. (Taylor and Forte 2008) point out that The hospitality industry is predominantly made up of very small businesses with varied levels of staff training and high staff turnover. With a few exceptions, staffs lack the competence to develop a food safety management system such as HACCP. Hospitality businesses do not employ a food technologist or microbiologist in kitchens, but craftsmen who are not technically qualified to identify danger points or to use instruments such as thermocouples and digital thermometers. A skilled chef is far more capable of judging whether food is adequately cooked using more traditional methods, such as colour or texture changes in food. Second, unlike the manufacturing industry, the average hospitality outlet offers an extended product range (menu) to the customer. It would not be possible to produce a flow diagram for each product offered as required by the international HACCP Guidelines (Codex, 2003). Furthermore, the average hospitality business is highly flexible and creative and there is a higher number of products offered, less use of standard recipes and often ad hoc reworking of ingredients. Third, the first HACCP principle requires a detailed, technical hazard analysis (Codex, 2003). Not surprisingly, many caterers do not understand the technical HACCP and microbiological jargon and most often have no ability to identify critical risks in food preparation and cooking. Finally, as food is produced from a varied and complex production blueprint (menu) and the customers require immediate consumption, the production process differs considerably from that of manufacturing businesses. The working pace is variable and volatile which is unsuitable for many types of monitoring and documentation. Daily business forecasts are often unpredictable, resulting in too little or too much preliminary food preparation, and requiring flexibility to manage rather than rigid routines. These differences create strong barriers to the implementation of HACCP in the hospitality industry, and they are very difficult to overcome. The scale of the challenge can be demonstrated by analysing previous attempts to develop HACCP guidance manuals for hospitality businesses (Taylor and Forte 2008). The psychological barriers in implementing the HACCP system in hospitality industry Beside the practical barriers, psychological factors are considered as the barriers to HACCPs successful implementation in Hospitality industry. A study (Taylor, 2008) stated that the psychological barriers such as staff motivation, attitude, and behaviour to the implementation. Calls have been made for more specific research on food safety culture with the concept and its importance, poorly understood by all levels in the food industry, including middle and top management. (Griffith et al 2010) If managers have a negative attitude about following proper food safety and sanitation procedures, it will be evident to others by what they say and do. For example, if the manager of a foodservice establishment doesnt wash his hands before beginning work, how can he expect the employees to do so? Instead, if the manager demonstrates a positive attitude toward food safety through his words and action, the employees will more likely do the same. In companies with strong safety cultures, a proper attitude toward food safety is more caught than taught. (Yiannas, 2008) Food safety is not just a microbiological problem but that it also has a major behavioral component (Griffith and Redmond, 2009). It has been suggested that 97% of outbreaks traced to non-manufacturing food businesses involved a food handler error/malpractice (Howes et al., 1996). Although there was a documented HACCP system this was poor and inadequate, its content was not communicated to the employees and was not available for inspection by the environmental health officer. There was no stock rotation protocol, cleaning documentation was poor stating some items were to be cleaned daily yet the person responsible for their cleaning was only employed two days a week with cleaning of high risk areas omitted. Many procedures such as glass and pest control policies, considered essential to a meat processor of this kind, were not in place. However it is perhaps the food safety culture set by the owner/manager which gives rise to the greatest concerns. This was a culture where returned spoilt meat was repacked and re-used and where saving money had precedence over all else. Staffs were asked to work when ill and to follow the owners example of moving between high and low risk areas without a change of clothing or hand washing. The owner falsified records, misled an d lied to environmental health officers. (Griffith, 2010) The connection between Organizational culture and the HACCP implementation All businesses possess a food safety culture this can be on a continuum from positive to negative. In a positive culture, food safety is an important business objective and there is compliance with documented systems. In a negative culture, food safety is not perceived of prime importance with often other business priorities dominant (Griffith et al., 2010) and there is poor compliance with documented food safety requirements. The formation or existence of both types of culture may be managed or unmanaged. A negative culture may be the result of lack of effort or inappropriate leadership and management. In a negative culture any attempts by individuals to improve safety may be ineffective (Clayton and Griffith, 2008). Failure to comply with quality and food safety management system requirements can be both widespread and problematic. High performing organizations consistently demonstrate elevated levels of safety culture, whereas low performing organizations show a poor safety culture (Killimett, 2006). What is Organizational culture? Organizational culture is defined typically in terms of the way people think, which has a direct influence on the ways in which they behave. Organizational culture (OC) is the social or normative glue that holds an organization together. OC is an effective instrument of staff motivation leading to improved individual and organizational performance. The leadership of any type of organization has a very important inalienable responsibility in developing appropriate organizational cultures to enhance performance and job-satisfaction of organizational members. If the leadership does not put in sufficient efforts to develop a positive culture and arrest the tendencies towards negative cultures, it could be a disaster for the organization. (Anonymous, 2006) In particular, organizational culture provides employees a common frame of reference for changes in an organization. When organizations have different cultures, people have different perceptions and interpretations of organizational changes, which affect employees embracing changes. Therefore, organizational culture is known to be important for the success of projects involving any organizational changes (Weiling and Kwok, 2008) A strong organizational culture helps members develop a shared sense of who they are and provides clear values and beliefs to guide decision making and the formulation of long-term strategies (McGrath and Tobia 2008). How organizational culture overcome the barriers in HACCP implementation in the hospitality industry? The organizational culture could contribute to both success and barriers of implementing HACCP in the hotel. An organizational culture will influence how individuals within the group think about food safety, their attitudes toward food safety, their willingness to openly discuss concerns and share differing opinions, and, in general, the emphasis that they place on food safety. (Griffith et al, 2010b) Individual food handler behavior links directly to the business culture (Clayton and Griffith, 2008, Griffith et al., 2010) and potentially how management create and support the food safety culture within a business maybe the most important factor in whether a business is or is not responsible for food poisoning. Food poisoning An organization needs to make sure that employees understand the food safety performance expectations of their job and that at all levels they are held accountable for them. The word accountability generally implies that there are checks and balances being measured to make sure certain desired outcomes are being achieved. And in organizations with strong food safety cultures, this is certainly true. For example, an organization might conduct daily HACCP checks and measurements, observe employee behaviours related to food safety, and provide feedback and coaching (both positive and negative) based on the results. But in organizations with enlightened safety cultures, theyve figured out a way to transcend or go beyond accountability. Theyve figured out a way to get employees to do the right things, not because theyre being held accountable to them, but because the employees believe in and are committed to food safety. It has been said that character is what you do when youre alone and no one is watching. In organizations with enlightened food safety cultures, employees do the right thing not because the manager or customer is watching, but because they know its right and they care. Organizations with strong safety cultures know this. They take the sharing of information beyond simple food safety training. They share information often and communicate regularly with their employees about food safety using a variety of messages and mediums. They realize that what we see, what we hear, and what we read, if done effectively, can have a tremendous influence on us. If it didnt, advertisers wouldnt spend the millions of dollars they do each year trying to reach consumers. Like in commercial marketing, organizations with strong food safety cultures share information not just to impart knowledge, but to persuade their employees to action. Having an appropriate positive food safety organizational culture is essential to maintaining a successful brand. Top management need to be aware of their own role and responsibilities in culture formation and to equip their managers with the skills to create and maintain a positive food safety culture at all levels but particularly at middle management /unit level (Griffith et al., 2010). Safety culture appears to be definable and measurable in practical terms within high-performing organizations that consistently show high levels of trust, effective communication, management credibility and an overall value of safety (Killimett, 2006). A positive safety culture is said to exist in organizations that recognize the risk for human error, but act to reduce such hazards by developing professional skills that promote safe work practices (Nieva and Sorra, 2003). Top management in one country were under the impression that compliance with systems was good, staff understood the need to be hygienic and that food safety was crucial to the business. Unit managers held a different perspective which in turn differed in major ways from the views of shop floor staff who perceived the business priorities to be quite different. Effectively this arranges employees into distinct organizational levels that represent differing roles in implementing, maintaining and monitoring food safety management systems and standards. (Griffith et al, 2010b) Yiannas (2009) argues that food safety can be better achieved by strengthening the food safety culture rather than focusing on creating a bigger or better safety system. Thus a food safety culture can be viewed as the shared attitudes, values and beliefs towards the food safety behaviors that are routinely demonstrated in food handling organizations. New employees will normally adopt the dominant behaviors that appear stable throughout the organization by simply learning from colleagues and leaders when they are recruited into the business, becoming a shared responsibility by all group members. Yiannas (2009) states that organizations can choose to create a strong food safety culture. He goes on to suggest that leaders are accountable for instigating it because they have the power and influence to create a positive food safety culture and thus have the potential to reduce the global burden of food-borne disease. He postulates that creating a positive food safety culture can support this process by actually changing the thoughts, behaviors and beliefs of individuals within a group. Summary and Conclusion The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system is a science-based systematic approach which identifies critical control points in the production procedure that are essential to monitor and control product safety. The implementation of HACCP system is a sign for delivering safe food products to customers. It regarded as the most effective way to achieve food safety is to focus on prevention of possible hazards and to improve the process. The advantage of HACCP based systems is that they can be designed to include all different types of foods, their raw materials (whatever their source) and associated hazards. The implementation of the HACCP system to food processing can result in benefits to industry, government and consumers, promoting, in this way, a potential improvement of food safety and prevention of food poisoning. Factor Before HACCP can be implemented, prerequisite programs (PRPs) such as good hygienic practices, staff training, and documented standard operating procedure should be well established. Caterers are not qualified to identify the many hazards now present in their operations and they cannot be expected to produce their own individual HACCP plans. HACCP can become a useful management tool, but, to succeed, it must be seen by chefs as useful and easy to apply. It must be recognised as a means to avoid problems as opposed to a defence mechanism in case things go wrong. The many hazards involved in producing food, together with the critical controls necessary to make sure it is safe, need to be documented. HACCPs effectiveness relies on the knowledge and skills of both management and staff. The efficacy of the system relies heavily on the relevant HACCP knowledge and skills, management commitment, and understanding of HACCP along with changes in attitude and organizational culture all requiring adequate training to overcome barriers related to human resources. interplay of barriers at knowledge, attitude and behavioral levels could account for the problems in effective HACCP implementation. The generated working definitions for the general barrier categories included: knowledge as a body of acquired facts; attitude as mental reaction to knowledge; and behaviour as the action taken as a result of knowledge acquisition and attitude development Furthermore, there is an overwhelming range of practical and psychological barriers to the HACCP implementation in hospitality industry Although HACCP is an internationally recognized food safety management system, there are great practical barriers to implement such system in the hospitality industry. Studies have shown that the major problems identified in the Hospitality industry were: lack of knowledge, training problems, high staff turnover, large variety of products, variation in potential demand and large numbers of part-time workers Lack of appropriate facilities has be

Personal Narrative- Soccer Injury :: Personal Narrative Essays

Personal Narrative- Soccer Injury I went into my junior spring soccer season kind of sad, my past coach, wasn't going to be our team coach this year. I wasn't really depressed though, because I had tons of friends that were playing this year. One of the great things about soccer is that it is not a school-sanctioned sport. To me this said that I was able to play another season of soccer with my friends from Paonia and Hotchkiss without the normal High School rivalry between these schools. Year after year, the schools pulled pranks on each other, sometimes nothing big, but sometimes something big. I remember my freshman or sophomore year, when a few guys I knew went over to Paonia and painted their skylight in their commons. When the sun shined into the skylight, it reflected a big HHS onto the floor, talk about a cool prank, but hey they got a free vacation but the school had to pay a ton of money to clean it up. This season wasn't just any season though. We had a new coach, and we were also playing competitive soccer. What was competitive soccer? Well it's a lot different than our normal soccer. Instead of playing the local teams, such as Delta, Cederedge, and Grand Junction, we got to play in huge tournaments and against teams far away from here. The game was also a lot more intense; I remember the first game, against Glenwood's team. It was totally different than anything I have seen, we were getting to play at a college, and against a soon-to-be known rough team. We had started the game, and man these guys were violent. We started to retaliate big time, and my friend's dad was the center referee, John is his name. I sure would have hated to be in his shoe, that's for sure. It didn't even phase me how crazy soccer was this year until one of the Glenwood players spit at our coach's feet, and got tossed from the game. We soon learned to live with this violence, and we even participated in it more than anyone would probably admit to. But after all of the beat downs we had received from the other teams, we were finally going to go to a big tournament, the Durango Shootout.

The Vanishing Chinese in American History Essay examples -- American A

The Vanishing Chinese in American History Our country’s history is filled with stories that are ignored: the Japanese Americans who were held against their will in internment camps during World War II, African-American pilots who fought bravely for our country during the second World War, Native Americans who sacrificed their lives in defense of territory that was rightfully theirs, and Chinese immigrants who toiled to build the western leg of the transcontinental railroad in the nineteenth century. Typical of this silencing of stories in American history is the exclusion of Chinese â€Å"paper sons†Ã¢â‚¬â€young men, many in their early teens, who came to this country with papers that fraudulently established their family relations to an American-born or naturalized father. The â€Å"paper son† phenomenon is not unusual in the history of the Chinese in America; it was a common way to get around the discriminatory immigration laws that prevented many Chinese from coming to the United States. Thus, the stories of â€Å"paper sons† should be told as we examine the racist attitudes and policies toward the people who built, shaped, and changed America alongside European immigrants. As former U.S. Congressman Norm Mineta so eloquently puts it, â€Å"When one hears Americans tell of the immigrants who built this nation, one is led to believe that all our forebears come from Europe. When one hears stories about the pioneers going West to shape the land, the Asian immigrant is rarely mentioned† (Takaki 6). We need to acknowledge the contributions of extraordinary individuals—â€Å"paper sons† such as my uncle, Stanley Hom Lau, who left their families and homeland behind to establish new roots and who made America the u nique salad bowl it is today. ... ...ide of the Pacific to the other and have opportunities they never dreamed possible. The voices of â€Å"paper sons† like Stanley Hom Lau should not be silenced; they should be included in history books because these people are an important component of U.S. history—as important as the Irish, German and Russian immigrants were to this country at the turn of the century. For, as Americans, we originally came from many â€Å"different shores† (Takaki)—Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Works Cited Chan, Sucheng. Asian Americans: An Interpretive History. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1991. Lai, H. Mark and Choy, Philip P. Outlines: History of the Chinese in America. San Francisco: Fong Brothers, 1971. Lau, Stanley. Personal Interview. May 2-3, 1997. Takaki, Ronald. Strangers From a Different Shore: A History of Asian Americans. New York: Penguin Books, 1989.

The Impact of International Interest in Afghanistan’s Access to Oil :: Essays Papers

The Impact of International Interest in Afghanistan’s Access to Oil Newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and the web: everywhere one turns, the media confronts our society with news concerning Afghanistan. Although September 11th was the peak of Afghanistan’s spotlight in the international media, this event was not the first time that Afghanistan has gained international attention. Beginning with its political relationship with Russia, Afghanistan slowly gained recognition, acknowledgment and even popularity among world powers. Moving towards the present, in which the United States, Great Britain, Russia, Japan, and China are competing for Afghanistan. Why all this commotion over a politically-torn, landlocked, Middle Eastern country? Although each country has several potential interests invested in Afghanistan, all of these nations share the common interest of Afghanistan’s access to oil. Many political conventions have resulted form the global interest in creating oil pipelines through Afghanistan. Although Afg hanistan is not a world power, the fact that this country can provide access to rich oil and gas reserves has allowed Afghanistan to have influence over and even affect international diplomacy. To begin, it is important to understand the political history of Afghanistan in order to comprehend the current political tension and issues concerning this country. Afghanistan’s history is complete with numerous wars and invasions throughout various historical periods. Majority of these conflicts occurred because of a political Afghan leader’s desire to continue holding the state of power in the country or because of foreign invasion. Desire to maintain power becomes an issue in Afghanistan due to the multi-ethnic nature of the population1. To begin, â€Å"the location of Afghanistan astride the land routes between the Indian subcontinent, Iran, and central Asia has enticed conquerors throughout history†2. First, the Muslim-Arab conquests left Afghanistan a Muslim country in the late 7th century. In the following centuries Afghanistan was invaded from the north by Genghis Khan and later by the Moguls. The conquests up to the 17th century lef t devastated Afghanistan. However, authorities invested the majority of their interests in attempting to control the political power against rebellious activities preventing swaying them from focusing on social and economical forms as well as the development of the country. The first unified Afghanistan State was not established until 1747 by Ahammad Khan Durani.

Assimilation of Native Americans Into Society Essay

â€Å"How different would be the sensation of a philosophic mind to reflect that instead of exterminating a part of the human race by our modes of population that we had persevered through all difficulties and at last had imparted our Knowledge of cultivating and the arts, to the Aboriginals of the Country by which the source of future life and happiness had been preserved and extended. But it has been conceived to be impracticable to civilize the Indians of North America – This opinion is probably more convenient than just. † (Henry Knox to George Washington 1970’s) Since the founding of The United States of America, the complication of dealing with the indigenous Native Americans has been prevalent. The opening quotation emphasizes the idea that our fathers grappled over what to do with the Indians since the founding of our country. Post colonial era Native Americans were discriminated against in a battle defined by â€Å"the white man versus the red man†. As American settlers and institutions expanded westward, the Indians were pushed aside not only by containing them in reservations but were often disregarded as Americans from the â€Å"civilized† and educated white American. These prejudices even came from far up the totem pole in Washington. The politics in the 19th century American Government regarding the indigenous people were defined by an era of the â€Å"Americanization of the Native American people†. This analytical research paper will address the issue of Native American assimilation and display how the efforts made by the American Government failed to shed a positive light on the indigenous people. It will also explore the founding of specific schools for Indian children, namely the Carlisle Indian Industrial School for Native Americans. The school was intended to integrate Indian children into western society by educating them and transforming their cultural beliefs. Although founder Richard Henry Pratt had good intentions for the school, it ended up doing more destruction to the Indians than success assimilating them into American society. Before the assimilation of Indians can be fully understood, the history of the segregation of the red man must be established. â€Å"Before the Civil War it had been possible to imagine that Indians and whites could remain permanently separate from on another† The national census of this time was that the minority ethnic groups did not belong in the same category as the â€Å"Americans†, and that they should remain a separate existence. The general idea was that separation was the easier and â€Å"safe† way to deal with the ethnic differences rather than entering into a group conflict. Native Americans were easier to separate into cultural groupings, because they were the ones who chose to do so. Blacks, Irish, and Native Americans alike, Hoxie asserts, â€Å"In this compartmentalized society, minority groups welcomed the opportunity to be socially isolated and culturally autonomous. † As the whites expanded westward eventually towards California and Oregon, the separation between the two ethnic groups would no longer be possible. The natives, who once claimed the North American continent as their own, were different from the generality of Americans. They were known as the â€Å"others†. Eventually, with the help of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the Indians were pushed back to the west and there was a line known as the â€Å"Indian frontier†. This land came with a promise that the white man would not desire this land for generations. But as the nation expanded, the indigenous people were forced onto smaller and smaller reservations, which restricted them economically. They were mostly restricted from food and other resources. Brenda J. Child emphasizes this in her book Boarding School Seasons as she makes claims that the Ojibwe once made a lucrative profit farming rice, but â€Å"were left with a fair amount of swampland after their allotments had been made†¦Few Nett Lakers were able to maintain adequate gardens, but traditional subsistence activities, tourism, and off reservation labor maintained the band. † As the struggle to maintain their niche increased, Indians would either have to conform to society, or they would be crushed by it. The early relationship between Indians and whites was defined more like a war than the whites trying to work the Indians into society. Indian territories were often viewed as their own sovereign states rather than occupied American territory. Treaties were often agreed upon in order to separate the red man from the white. â€Å"Humanitarians believed that separation would reduce the level of violence on the frontier and provide Indians with enough time to become civilized† However, the civilization of Indians into American society would not happen on its own once the ethnic groups were separated. Political action groups such as the Friends of the Indian were formed. These groups as well as government officials started to change their beliefs into those that the American Indians should be assimilated. Paul Prucha mentions in the introduction of his book that â€Å"government officials and well meaning humanitarians and missionaries had had a hand in the operation and had sought the welfare of the Indians in their attempts to civilize and Christianize them, bringing them into conformity with the patterns of life that marked the white existence. † The goal of these advocates was not only to destroy the Indian and save the American; but more importantly they sought the ideal that assimilated Native Americans would be proof that America was an â€Å"open† society and that by gratifying the wishes of society they could acquire social equality. Henry L. Dawes was one of the outstanding figures leading the Indian policy reform in the 19th century. Dawes served in the United Government; throughout his career he was a congressman, senator, and eventually chairman of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs. He was an advocate for the allotment of land to the Indians, and the assimilation of the indigenous people into the non-Indian mainstream. He proposed the Dawes Act of 1887, which encouraged Indians to farm by â€Å"allotting† the head of house 160 acres of land. The land was private property, and small portions of it could be shared with members of the family. Dawes held strong opinions for the assimilation of Indians into white man’s society, as he proclaimed in a speech to an Indian reform group in 1884, â€Å"it were worth while to consider whether we could not make something out of him, and for the first time in the whole history of our dealings with the Indians, within a few years, we have attempted to make something out of him. † In this speech he argues that the methods of â€Å"waging war† against the Indian has been failing, and was taking the lives of both the Indian and the white man. Instead he proposes that they be assimilated, and that the Native Americans can be useful in society. He later touches on educating the Native American children, stating, â€Å"Take him as you do other children, and bring him up as you do other children. † Education then becomes a major factor in the assimilating the Native American people. The Idea that targeting the younger generation of the Indian population and shaping them into the mold of an educated white man became prevalent in assimilation techniques. â€Å"Education of the Indians was the ultimate reform† An increase of immigrants from Europe reflected a growing public support for education. Thus, if the children of the Indian were educated, they would catch on in American society and pave the way for future generations. Richard Henry Pratt was an outstanding figure in the Americanization of Native Americans. As a veteran of the Civil War, Pratt fought both alongside and against Indian warriors. He was a proponent of educating the tribal people in order to â€Å"kill the Indian, save the man†. He was well aware of the capabilities of the Indian following his tour of duty with them on the battlefield. When the war was over, Pratt insisted that he took a group of Indian prisoners to Fort Marion in Florida and educate them as well as assimilating them into American culture. He had remarkable success as he educated them in English, Christianity, art, and culture. What brought the success was that he found work for the Indians around the predominately white St. Augustine area. â€Å"He interested white benefactors in his cause and persuaded his army superiors to assign him to the work of Indian education, where he could promote and expand the approach to Indian assimilation that he had begun so dramatically at fort Marion. † Pratt’s motif was straightforward: he wanted complete integration of the Indians into white society, and all of his actions were submitted towards that goal. His next project, The Carlisle Indian Industrial School, was by far his most famous and also controversial way of implementing Indians into society. His idea was to transform the abandoned Carlisle Military Barracks in Carlisle, Pennsylvania into a boarding school for Native Americans. It wasn’t hard to persuade the government to jump on board with his idea, â€Å"Said that the government was about to adopt a new policy with the Indians; that it believed the Indian youth capable of acquiring the same education and industries as our white youth† However, it was relatively difficult to persuade chiefs of various tribes to send their children away with Pratt. In his autobiography, Pratt tells a story about going out west to propose his idea to a chief named spotted tail and after his proposal he receives the response, â€Å"We are not going to give any children to learn such ways† Pratt refutes and claims that if it weren’t for the Indians ignorance and lack of education, the American Government would not be able to take advantage of the tribes if they were educated. The chiefs reconvened and after discussing decided to send their children. In a way, Pratt used slander to get the Indians to give up their children by telling them the kids would come back and contribute. However, Pratt did not want this, as his intentions were to fully integrate the red man into society. The Carlisle Boarding School was founded in 1879. It started with about a hundred Indians and over time expanded to about a thousand. It admitted both boys and girls. Upon arrival, students were required to disrobe from their native clothes and cut their hair. The cloths were shoddy, and Pratt mentions, â€Å"It was the shoddiest of shoddy clothing. † This was the first step towards the transformation to white culture. Although students were provided with an education, daily life was rough for students at Carlisle. Students had to wake early and drill. School schedules were grueling, and the students were often underfed. Sometimes the school seemed like more a labor camp as they were instructed to perform tasks such as â€Å"The authority came, and, directed by the carpenter, the Indian boys dug the holes, set up the post, nailed on the rails and slats, and we soon had a substantial barrier which remained a satisfactory protection during my superintendency. † The school may have taught Indians mechanical and agricultural skills as well as providing an education, but it definitely was not as successful as Pratt Envisioned. There were many successes in the founding of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, but there were more mishaps. Advocates for boarding schools such as Pratt argued that the separation of Indian children from their families in combination of industrial training would reduce the tribalism in the individual. Brenda J. Child proposes, â€Å"One of the worst ideas about how to best solve the â€Å"Indian problem† mandated the separation of American Indian families. † Homesickness was extremely common in Indian boarding school students, and often led to the students back lashing against authority, or running away from the school. Sickness and death was also a very serious problem at boarding schools. â€Å"Crowded conditions are the perfect medium for the spread of disease. Small pox, chicken pox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and the common cold killed many of these children and crowding helped spread the diseases to the rest. † Students with serious sicknesses were often sent home because if they died at the school, their reputation would be devastated. The problems seemed to outweigh the advantages at boarding schools, and these factors contributed to the eventual dismissal of Richard Henry Pratt from the Superintendent position. Because Native Americans have always been distinctly different from the rest of society, efforts to assimilate Indians completely into society have been abandoned. There have still been assimilation efforts in the twentieth century, but the ideals behind them have changed. The effort to â€Å"kill the Indian, save the man† has been deemed impossible. Indian schools are successful in theory, but there is a reason that they failed and that Pratt’s unrealistic dream did not come true. Some argue that the efforts by reformers such as Dawes and Pratt were successful, but the truth is that many failures come with successes. As George Washington states, â€Å"When one side only of a story is heard and often repeated, the human mind becomes impressed with it insensibly. † Bibliography Primary Sources Pratt, Richard H. Battlefield and classroom: four decades with the American Indian, 1867-1904. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004. Coleman, Michael C. American Indian Children at School, 1850-1930. n. d. Child, Brenda J. Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900-1940. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Text, 1998. Hoxie, Frederick E. A Final Promise: The Campaign To Assimilate The Indians, 1880-1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Prucha, Francis P. The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians. Vol. 2. N. p. : University of Nebraska Text, 1984 Duran, Eduardo, and Bonnie Duran. Native American Postcolonial Psychology. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. Prucha, Francis P. Americanizing the American Indians: Writings by the â€Å"Friends of the Indian† 1880-1900. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1973 Lee, John. â€Å"Reports of Indian Schools. Annual Report. Washington, D. C: Office other Commissioner of Indian Affairs. † From Library of Congress, American Indians of the Pacific Northwest. (1886) Leupp, Francis E. â€Å"Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Annual Report. Washington, D. C: Office of the Commissioner of Indian Affair. † Library of Congress, American Indians of the Pacific Northwest (1908) Dawes, Henry L. â€Å"Solving the Indian Problem. † Fifteenth Annual Report of the Board of Indian Commissioners (1883): 69-70. Morgan, Thomas J. â€Å"Supplemental report on Indian Education. † House Executive Document 1, no. 2 (n. d. ): 93-104. Schultz, Jeffrey D. Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics : Volume 2, Hispanic Americans and Native Americans. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2000. Secondary Holm, Tom. Great Confusion in Indian Affairs : Native Americans and Whites in the Progressive Era. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2005. Simonsen, Jane E. Making Home Work : Domesticity and Native American Assimilation in the American West, 1860-1919. Chappel Hill: UNC Press, 2006. authorsden. com . â€Å"WHAT WERE BOARDING SCHOOLS LIKE FOR INDIAN YOUTH?. † Hetzel, Theodore B. â€Å"WE CAN LEARN FROM AMERICAN INDIANS. † Journal of American Indian Education 4, no. 3 (1965) â€Å"The Indian School at Chemawa. † The West Shore 13, no. 1 (1887): 5-12. Davis, Julie. â€Å"American Indian Boarding School Experiences: Recent Studies from Native Perspectives. † OAH Magazine of History Vol. 15, No. 2, 2001, 20-22. Fear-Segal, Jackie. â€Å"Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900-1940 by Brenda J. Child. † Journal of American Studies 34, no. 1 (2000): 160-161. Hoerig, Karl A. â€Å"Remembering Our Indian School Days: The Boarding School Experience. † Away from Home: American Indian Boarding School Experiences by Margaret L. Archuleta; Brenda J. Child; K. Tsianina Lomawaima (2002): 642-646.

Input Output Devices in Aviation Essay

AbstractComputer technologies recognized in the video presented were as follows. LCD screens for courses, operations program personad for halo handicraft controllers, in feather routing and revision of flight plans thru the restructure of seamspaces in European airports. By utilise these technologies, the benefits derived from these programs are, smoother flight plans, safer receiveoffs and landings, little runway collisions, less communication with pilots from ATC. The challenges and risks of using CPDLC are, taking pilots attention away from the air to use system, texting succession flying, not a good idea. The challenges to take away from flight time to look down to make headway sure you are reservation the reject reception to ATC seems risky, especially since the safety of the souls is stolon priority. Not just with safety that instantlys world, even the skies are not safe to conk out with the conflicts that we arrest globally.Input Output Devices in tuneTak ing a journey most the globe today. The challenges we face, the revisions the FAA are making. How safe are the skies and what is considered the best form of piloting these years? We will take a take the air thru the history of the ATC and commercial pilots. How we use to travel and communicate back then to now. What makes the accessible skies accessible? Technology constantly changes and for the friendly skies The way we fly, how we communicate and work turn travelling. The CPDLC, the major concern of passengers a pilot. The response time to the amount of space we perk up in the lead leaving the ground and in the first place touch the ground. As my flight instructor constantly said, a pilot should always be ahead of the plane. Staying ahead of the zippy is important but also care your eyes on all instruments while flying. For communication to ATC, it lowers the stress level for air traffic controllers. By taking this trim stress off of ATC, this will unbuttoned up the development of new applied science in the near future. The calculation of engineering science misunderstanding over human error for airplanes taking off and landing. CPDLC is a fantastic tool but just as we encounter gone from live operators to engine room via phone comes concerns. ConclusionIn conclusion, our skies today are much safer than they were in the past. We have made large leaps and jumps into a safer and a better world for flying. Hungary started their upgrades of the CPDLC September fifteenth of this year and many countries are making their changes. Canada their monthly tally for communication before CPDLC was 7,000 monthly, by May the totals with CPDLS were 76,000. This change whitethorn be movement in the powerful direction but for a someone that has been so use to communication, this will take some time to get use to. I am sure for the aged pilots, it will eventually grow on them. The changes are being made globally and maybe the concerns will diminish into not hing. Changes in the aviation industry, verbal communication or not, that is the question.ReferencesMark, R.P. (2014, July 21). General format. Retrieved fromhttp//www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/ainsafety/2014-07-21/nav-canada-says-cpdlc-message-numbers-are-rising Croft, J. (2012, January 24). General format. Retrieved from http//www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/in-focus-round-two-for-controller-pilot-datalink-as-faa-contract-award-366940/

Character of Lady Macbeth Essay

Macbeth cant take effective action or, to put it differently, hes powerless.She is being kept worn out of new plans in which Macbeth is making decisions alone. Firstly, Lady Macbeth appears in Act 1 Scene 5. She is in her and Macbeth’s castle. She receives a letter from Macbeth logical and reads it.Macbeth isnt the only character who wants encouragement.â€Å"Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou promised† (Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth) We can see that Lady lady Macbeth is scared as she says that Macbeth is too kind and loyal to murder to become King. â€Å"Is too full o’ the milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way.† (Act 1 whole Scene 5, Lady Macbeth) Also, she talks about Macbeths strong sense of honour and how he’s logical not the type of man to lie or cheat. â€Å"Thou wouldst thou holily ; wouldst not play false.

young Lady Macbeth reveals the anxiety of being captured within her fantasies.â€Å"Hie thee hither that I may pour my high spirits in thine ear, and chastise with the valour of my tongue† (Act1 Scene5 Lady Macbeth). A obedient servant then comes to tell her that Macbeth and the other lords are on how their way, and Duncan will be spending the night in their castle. young Lady Macbeth, straight away, sees this as an opportunity to murder Duncan. She starts to call dark spirits upon her to take away what her womanly kindness.For Macbeth, it becomes excessively simpler.â€Å"O, never shall sun that morrow see.† (Act 1 Scene 5, Lady lady Macbeth – Macbeth). She then tells Macbeth her plan to kill Duncan. part She tells Macbeth she will do all the planning.

Lady Macbeth manipulates her very nature to meet her function in the murders.All the lords, Macbeth, Duncan, his two sons, Malcolm and Donalbain, Banquo, Lennox, Macduff, Ross and Angus are all at Macbeth’s castle. Lady Macbeth arrives and greets Duncan. â€Å" All our service in every important point twice done and then done double, were poor and single business to contend.† (Act1 Scene6, young Lady Macbeth – Duncan).Lady Macbeth is extremely direct and intelligent.In this scene , lady Macbeth is seen as the perfect hostess. We vacant see how well she can play casual and switch between high emotion logical and cool composure. In Act 1 Scene 7, we see her talking with Macbeth, in the castle. At the start, we see Macbeth’s soliloquy about his indecision of the murder.

At the fresh start of the play, Lady Macbeth appeared to be a put girl.† (Act 1 Scene 7, Macbeth – young Lady Macbeth).Lady Macbeth seems to be very unimpressed with what Macbeth has said. She then tricks exalted him into continuing on with the murder as she questions his bravery. â€Å" With thou esteems’t the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own esteem.Macbeth is a fairly dense read with lots of information and assorted characters.Lady Macbeth busy waits in a chamber near Duncan’s bedroom. Macbeth goes off to murder Duncan. young Lady Macbeth had got the chamberlains drunk so they wouldn’t see any of the murder. Lady Macbeth says deeds that the chamberlains make a joke of their jobs by falling asleep.

Dunnetts Macbeth is much more practical.â€Å"My heavenly father as he slept, I have done’t- My husband!† (Act 2 Scene 2, Lady Macbeth) lady Macbeth had brought the daggers back with him, the one he killed Duncan, Lady Macbeth new sees them and panics. â€Å" Why did you bring these daggers from the place?† (Act 2 Scene 2 , Lady Macbeth – Macbeth). Lady Macbeth has to bring them back to bring how them back to the chamber. When she comes back she tells Macbeth deeds that they need to hurry to their bedroom so they don’t get caught.It delivers no simple answers.â€Å" What’s the business, that such a hideous trumper.† (Act 1 Scene 3, Lady Macbeth – Macduff). Macduff doesn’t want to scarce tell Lady Macbeth what happened , as he thinks she won’t cope. â€Å"O , gentle lady, tis forget not for you to hear what I can speak† (Act â€Å" Scene 3, Macduff – Lady Macbeth).

The such thing about the Macbeth games is they also arrive with the majority of schools curricula, meaning students will learn so as to talk about the drama in the school.Lady Macbeth is in the palace and is talking with a servant. She asks the servant if Banquo has left the castle. He tells her that valiant Banquo will be back in the evening.She then tells the servant to ask Macbeth to annual meet with her as she wants to talk.Love is the crux of the issue in an pre Shakespearean humor.After graduating, his friend died in an auto collision.

The woman looks enjoy the marble statue.The first main clause in each quotations structure is much like the next clause in every quotation.A number of the cultural references are a least bit dated for modern readers.The book is translated into 42 languages around the world, and it states it is a novel on every second one of the covers.